NO. I ACHATINELLA APEXFULVA DIXON — WELCH I9I 



(A. a. punicea), area 37? (A. a. roseata), and area 117 {A. a. 

 wailelensis) . Somewhere near area 40 Wilder found specimens of 

 A. a. perplexa (pi. 6, fig. 190?) which have a pattern similar to that of 

 A. a. lilacea. The various forms of ^. a. rnbidipicta can easily be taken 

 for specimens of A. a. riibidilinea. White color patterns of A. a. 

 ovum (area 22), A. a. cookci var. i (area 39), A. a. beata var. 2 

 (area 108), and A. a. roseipicta (area 102), are very similar, dififering 

 only by a band or in the color of the lip. However, the range of color 

 patterns of any one area always differs from that of another. There- 

 fore, in considering horizontal variation not only the usual color 

 pattern of the shell must be considered, but also the color pattern 

 of the colony as a whole. 



As has been pointed out before, A. apexfulva exhibits valley-to- 

 valley or ridge-to-ridge variation, and the color patterns of widely 

 separated localities are usually more strikingly different than those 

 found on shells from adjacent areas. However, as in A. nmstelina 

 (Welch, 1938), A. apexfulva also exhibits vertical as well as horizon- 

 tal variation. Therefore, when studying horizontal valley-to-valley 

 variation it is important that both localities or areas under considera- 

 tion are from approximately the same elevation or in the same low- 

 land or highland zone such as zones I, H, or HI. 



I do not like to use the word elevation because two localities on 

 opposite ridges may be at an equal distance from the backbone ridge 

 and yet because of a hill on one ridge and a depression on the other, 

 one locality may be definitely higher than the other. Again, one 

 locality may be in a valley, the other on a nearby ridge, the two 

 showing a wide difference in elevation. The distance a locality is 

 from the backbone ridge or in what zone a shell is found is of greater 

 importance than differences of several hundred feet in altitude. 

 Therefore, zones and not differences in elevation will be discussed. 



I have already noted above that the color of the embryonic whorls 

 varies in regions I, H, HI, IV. The color pattern of the shell not 

 only shows marked variation between each of the four regions, but 

 also less variation within each region. For instance a series of areas 

 in region II zone II will have rather similar color patterns. In like 

 manner a group of areas in region III zone II will have another 

 series of similar patterns but which are markedly dift'erent from those 

 found in region II zone II. In most areas occurring at similar eleva- 

 tions or in the same zone on opposite ridges in a certain region the 

 color pattern of the shells are similar. However, in the region of 

 Waimano Stream the color patterns of such opposite areas — for 

 example, areas 44 and 43 — are not similar. Area 44 has patterns 

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