208 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, IO3 



SUBSPECIATION 



13. Subspeciation in A. apcxfidva is believed to be caused by both 

 the effects of random variation in partly isolated populations and 

 selective factors of environment. 



REFERENCES 

 Crampton, H. E. 



1916. Studies on the variation, distribution, and evolution of the genus 

 Partula. The species inhabiting Tahiti. Carnegie Inst. Washington, 

 Publ. No. 228, pp. 1-331. 

 1932. Studies on the variation, distribution, and evolution of the genus 

 Partula. The species inhabiting Moorea. Carnegie Inst. Wash- 

 ington, Publ. No. 410, pp. 1-335. 



DOBZHANSKY, ThEODOSIUS. 



1937- Genetics and the origin of species. New York. 

 GULICK, J. T. 



1905. Evolution, racial and habitudinal. Carnegie Inst. Washington, Publ. 

 No. 25, pp. 1-269. 

 HOSAKA, E. Y. 



1937- Ecological and floristic studies in Kipapa Gulch, Oahu. Occ. Pap., 

 Bernice P. Bishop Mus., vol. 13, No. 17, pp. 175-232. 

 Murray, D. M. 



1904. Museums, their history and their use. 3 vols., Glasgow. 

 PiLSBRY, Henry A. 



1939. Land Mollusca of North America (north of Mexico). Acad. Nat. 

 Sci. Philadelphia, Monogr. No. 3, vol. i, pt. i. 

 PiLSBRY, Henry A., and Cooke, C. Montague. 



1912-1914. Man. Conch., sen 2, vol. 22, Achatinellidae, Philadelphia. 

 Rensch, Bernhard. 



1938. Some problems of geographical variation and species- formation. 

 Proc. Linn. Soc. London, 150th Sess. (1937-8), pt. 4, pp. 275-285. 

 ^^^ELCH, d'Alt^, a. 



1938. The distribution and variation of Ackatinella mustelina Mighels in 

 the Waianae Mountains, Oahu. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 152, 

 pp. 1-164. 

 1938a. Some problems of distribution and variation in the Hawaiian tree 

 snail Achatinella. The Collecting Net, vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 131-133; 

 also Biol. Bull. vol. 75, No. 2, pp. 342-343. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATES 

 Plate i 



Page 



1. A. a. miiricolor Welch. Holotype, Niu-Wailupe Ridge, area i, 41-4,* 



Meinecke, BBM 10401 30 



2. A. a. forbcsiana Pfeiffer. Waialae, area 6??, Gulick, BBM 70367 28 



3- A. a. zvaialaeensis Welch. Holotype, Waialae Iki-Waialae Nui Ridge, 



area 2, 5iAa, Meinecke, BBM 10402 29 



