NO. 2 



HONEY BEE — SNODGRASS 



23 



beyond the galeae and palpi. The movements are so varied and 

 rapid that the tongue itself seems to be endowed with mobility. Only 

 two muscles, however, account for the activity of the tongue, and 

 they are inserted on the base of the axial rod. These muscles (fig. 



Fig. 7. — The mechanism of ligular retraction, and the salivary syringe. 



A, lengthwise section of prementum of worker with ligula and salivary 

 syringe retracted by pull of muscles 17 and ig on ends of ligular arms (/t), 

 salivary muscles inoperative. B, detail of base of retracted tongue. C, salivary 

 syringe and muscles, posterior view. D, prementum, with ligula protracted. 

 E, same, ligula retracted as at A. 



h, ligular arm of prementum ; i, pivotal process of h supporting base of tongue ; 

 k, subligular plate of prementum supporting base of glossal rod; s, suspensorial 

 rod of hypopharynx. 



6 H, 20), arising in the base of the prementum (fig. 7 A), un- 

 doubtedly represent the usual flexors of the two glossal lobes of 

 generalized insects. The rod of the bee's tongue is continuous distally 

 with the flabellum, it traverses the inner wall of the membranous 

 glossal channel, proximally it turns backward (fig. 6 H, re?) and is 



