28 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. IO3 



on White, is commonly found with brown wares such as those in the 

 San Jon collection, and is a form that was taken over bodily, becoming 

 a part of the ceramic complex of the brown-ware-making peoples. 

 Considered as a whole, the series of implements from the late horizon 

 definitely indicates that several different Indian groups used that area 

 as hunting territory, a fact that is borne out by historical documents 

 of later times. 



On the basis of geologic studies and the presence of certain types 

 of Pueblo potsherds in deposits at other locations in the district, 

 supplemented by the evidence of the Chupadero Black on White at 

 the basin site, the period of the last horizon is judged to be in the late 

 fourteenth or early fifteenth century. Even with full allowance for 

 an appreciable interval for the intervening point types, the period 

 of the Collateral or Eden Valley Yuma is much later than has 

 generally been supposed. If the San Jon point horizon is approxi- 

 mately of the age suggested, the gap between the two is indeed a 

 broad one. Subsequent work on the geology may show that the 

 deposits containing the San Jon point and extinct species of animals 

 is more recent than indicated at present, but the break in the sequence 

 would still be of sufficient proportions to cast doubt on the idea of 

 a continuity of peoples in the area. 



In general it may be said that the remains in the San Jon district 

 are those of a hunting and hunting-seed-gathering peoples whose 

 closest affinities were with the Plains cultures. Such traits as are 

 suggestive of the Pueblo pattern to the west were either borrowed 

 or are present because of trade relations. Pueblo peoples on occasion 

 did get that far east, as is shown by sporadic finds along the Canadian 

 and in later times by historical records, but apparently did not linger 

 long enough to have any marked effect on the archeological picture. 

 The earliest occupants of the region depended on the large bison for 

 subsistence, while later groups hunted buffalo, deer, and antelope, 

 and gathered the native food plants. 



LITERATURE CITED 



Albritton, Claude C, and Bryan, Kirk. 



1939- Quaternary stratigraphy in the Davis Mountains, Trans-Pecos Texas. 

 Bull. Geo!. Soc. Amcr., vol. 50, pp. 1423-1474, 

 Antevs, Ernst. 



1935- The occurrence of flints and extinct animals in pluvial deposits near 

 Clovis, New Mexico. Pt. 2, Age of the Clovis lake clays. Proc. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 87, pp. 304-312. 



