NO. 8 I914 TESTS OF THE LANGLEY "aERODROMe' 



-ABBOT 



and the spars to which they were 

 attached are shown in Fig. 3. 



and the spars to which they were at- 

 tached were all dififerent from those 

 in the original Langley machine. (See 

 Fig. 4). 



CONTROL SURFACES. 



16 Vane Rudder : A split vane com- 

 posed of two surfaces united at 

 their leading edges and separated 

 15" at their trailing edges, thus 

 forming a wedge. Each surface 

 measured 2'2," x 4'6", with aspect 

 ratio .5. (L.M. p. 214, pis. 53,54)- 



17 Operated by means of a wheel lo- 

 cated slightly in front of the pilot 

 at his right side and at the height 

 of his shoulder (L.M. p. 216, pis. 

 53,54). 



18 Used for steering only. (L.M. 

 p. 214). 



19 Penaud Tail: This was a dart- 

 shaped tail having a vertical and 

 a horizontal surface (Penaud 

 tail), each measuring 95 sq. ft. 

 It was located in the rear of the 

 main frame. 



20 Attached to a bracket extending 

 below the main frame. 



21 "Normally inactive", (L. M. p. 

 216) but adjustable about a trans- 

 verse horizontal axis by means of 

 a self-locking wheel located at the 

 right side of the pilot, even with 

 his back, and at the height of his 

 shoulder. (L.AL pis. 51, 53). 



22 Immovable about a vertical axis. 

 (L.M. p. 214, pl.56. Fig. i). No 

 means were provided for adjust- 

 ing this rudder about a vertical 

 axis in flight. "Although it was 



Vertical Rudder : The Langley vane 

 rudder was replaced by a single plane 

 vertical rudder which measured 3'6" x 

 5', with aspect ratio of .7. 



Operated at Hammondsport through 

 the Curtiss steering wheel in some 

 tests, (Zahm affidavit pp. 5, 6), 

 through the Curtiss shoulder yoke in 

 some others (Manly letter, 1914), and 

 fixed so as not to be operable at all in 

 still others, (Zahm affidavit p. 7). 



Used "as a vertical aileron to control 

 the lateral poise of the machine", 

 (Zahm affidavit p. 6) as well as for 

 steering, (Zahm affidavit p. 7). 



Tail Rudder: Same size and con- 

 struction as in 1903. 



Attached to same bracket at a point 

 about 8" higher than in 1903. 



Operable about a transverse horizontal 

 axis and connected to a regular Curtiss 

 elevator control post directly in front 

 of the pilot (Zahm affidavit p. 5). 



Immovable about a vertical axis on 

 May 28, 1914, only. Thereafter it was 

 made movable about a vertical axis 

 and was connected through cables to 

 a Curtiss steering wheel mounted on a 



