38 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I ID 



St. Ignatius with Victor in 1857, to fulfill his religious obligations. 

 (Chittenden and Richardson, 1905, vol. 4, p. 1240.) 



Governor Stevens mentioned Adolphe among the principal men 

 of the tribe whom he met on his first visit to the Flathead at Fort 

 Owen, October i, 1853. (Report of Explorations, etc., i860, vol. 12, 

 pt. I, p. 125.) Adolphe signed both the Flathead and Blackfoot 

 Treaties of 1855, but took no other part in the proceedings. "Adolphus 

 Kwiikweschape, or Red Feather, chief of the Flatheads" was one of 

 the group of chiefs of the mountain tribes who accompanied Father 

 De Smet to Fort Vancouver in the spring of 1859 to renew the treaty 

 of peace with the Commanding General and Superintendent of Indian 

 Affairs. (Chittenden and Richardson, 1905, vol. 2, p, 766.) 



When James A. Garfield, Commissioner for the Removal of the 

 Flathead tribe of Indians from the Bitterroot Valley to the Jocko 

 Reservation, met the chiefs of the tribe near Fort Owen in 1872, 

 Adolphe, as third chief of the Flathead, was one of the tribal repre- 

 sentatives. On August 27, 1872, he signed the agreement drawn up 

 by Garfield providing for the removal of the Flathead to the reserva- 

 tion. Nevertheless, he joined with head chief Chariot in refusing to 

 leave the Bitterroot Valley. Three years later Agent Medery removed 

 Adolphe's name from the Government payroll, because he had "failed 

 in every particular" to comply with the provisions of the agreement. 

 (Ann. Rep. Comm. Ind. Aff., 1872, pp. 109, 114-115; 1875, p. 305.) 



Adolphe marshaled and led the young warriors at the council held 

 at the Flathead Agency September 2, 1882, to negotiate a right-of- 

 way for the Northern Pacific Railway. Apparently before that date 

 he had removed from the Bitterroot Valley to the reservation. Adolphe 

 died at the Agency in 1887, at an assumed age of 78 years. (Ronan, 

 1890, p. 76.) 



Insula, a Flathead Chief (Plate 12) 



Insula — or Red Feather 



Michelle (in baptism) 



A Flathead chief; according to Father De Smet "a great and brave warrior." 

 He is noted for his piety, and officiates at the burial of the dead. He is quite 

 an old man, nearly seventy. 



Michael Insula (sometimes rendered Ensyla or Insala), Red 

 Feather, was also known as "The Little Chief," because of his small 

 stature. (CThittenden and Richardson, 1905, vol. 4, p. 1231.) Pierre 

 Pichette thought Insula was not a name of Flathead origin. Accord- 

 ing to Duncan McDonald, he was half Nez Perce and half Flathead, 

 and lived part time with the Flathead and the remainder of the time 



