NO. 13 SOVIRT ANTHROPOLOGY — FIELD I5 



peoples are not homogeneous. Baltic racial types are clearly dis- 

 tinguished among the Ladoga Finns, for example, among the small 

 groups of Veps, while the \'olga Mari (Chcremis) are a variation of 

 the Ural type, and the Udmurts ( X'otiaks) contain elements close to 

 the Lopar type. In the opinion of the above-mentioned authors it is 

 to be expected that certain Finnish groups contain the neutral proto- 

 Asiatic anthropological clement or even more definitely Mongoloid 

 elements. Such an anthropological type is outlined in craniological 

 material belonging to the Iron Age, for example, the skull from Lugov. 



In addition to ordinary anthropological investigation, certain other 

 studies of elementary genetic features were conducted among the 

 iMunish tribes — blood groups, reaction in a phenylthio-carbamide 

 solution and especially to color sensitivity. The groups investigated 

 proved very similar in these respects. 



Work on the craniulogy of ancient Slavic tribes is being system- 

 atically conducted by T. A. Trofimova, who records differences among 

 the southern Slav group of Severyans and the more northern Krivichi 

 and \'yatichi. The former belong to the dolichocephalic variation, a 

 Pontic form. Trofimova believes that among the latter, together with 

 other elements, there arc Asiatic or proto-Asiatic elements. 



Several volumes by G. F. Debets treating of the craniology of the 

 population of Russia in the epoch preceding the present one have 

 been prepared for press. Debets has entitled his book "The Paleo- 

 anthropology of the U.S.S.R.," but he includes in it osteological 

 materials belonging not only to the Stone Age or to the prehistoric 

 period in general, but to all later ages up to the seventeenth and 

 eighteenth centuries. Debets has collected a quantity of craniological 

 material preserved in central and local museums, all of which has 

 been carefully checked in respect to dates and classified according to 

 epochs and territories. This comprehensive summary gives a good 

 picture of the craniological types and their alterations beginning with 

 the Neolithic period until modern times through wide sections of 

 Eastern Europe, Siberia, and Central Asia. 



These data contain the solution of many anthropological problems 

 in the U.S.S.R. Debets devotes much attention to the local trans- 

 formation of craniological types, which occurred in many territories, 

 and takes into consideration, at the same time, the change of types 

 which took place as a result of the immigration of separate groups of 

 the ancient population. 



In addition to materials about Eastern Europe, the above-mentioned 

 volume of the works of the Institute of Anthropology contains articles 

 by N. N. Cheboksarov on racial types in modern (iermany. Based 



