NO. 13 SOVIET ANTHROPOLOGY — FIELD 23 



Moustcrian and I'pper Paleolithic appearance were also found, but 

 arc linked stratigraphically with the upper levels of the clayey loam. 

 The first collection was made during 1934 by S. N. Zamiatnin. 



1 5. Kiik-Koha. — Remains of Primitive Mousterian type were found 

 in the lower stratum above bedrock in this cave, situated on the right 

 bank of the Zuia River near Kipchak, which lies about 25 kilometers 

 east of Simferopol. Here were excavated by G. A, Bonch-Osmo- 

 Idvskii during 1924-1926 numerous flint implements and flakes asso- 

 ciated with remains of Ccn'us clapJius, Equus, Bos, Saiga, Siis scroja, 

 etc. 



MOUSTERIAN SITES ^ 



16. Kodak. — This site, located on the high right bank of the Dnieper 

 10 kilometers southeast of Dnci)ropetrovsk, was discovered during 

 1932 through the accidental finds of several flints associated with 

 Pleistocene fauna. Further investigations were conducted during 

 1 934- 1 93 5. These finds lay in the bottom of the deep ravine of 

 Nizhniaia Sazhavka, which cuts the loess bank of the Dnieper, at a 

 distance of i kilometer from the river. The stratigraphy consists of 

 20.0 m. of loess with several horizons of buried topsoil, ancient 

 diluvium from ravines, red-brown clays, variegated clays, and granite 

 bedrock. Nearer to the mouth of the ravine the alluvium of the 

 gulleys is replaced by stratified sands containing fresh-water Mollusca 

 typical of stagnant and slow-flowing waters. Mousterian remains 

 were found in the base of the stratified gray-greenish sands (ravine 

 alluvium) overlain by loess. Below, the sands were mixed with gravel. 

 The cultural stratum was evidently partly washed away. The flints, 

 together with crushed bones, lay in the lower part of the stratum 

 among the pebbles and gravel. Above were also found animal bones. 

 The fauna is represented by Elcphas trogonthcrii, Rhinoceros tricho- 

 rhinus, Bison priscus, Equus cquus, Ceruus mcgaccros, Ratigijir 

 tarandus, Fclis spclaca, Ursus arctos, etc. 



The several dozen tools were mainly of dark-brown flint, but some 

 were of quartz and compact sandstone. There were: biface points, 

 a discoidal nucleus used as a carinate scraper, scraping tools, broad 

 laminae, etc. Incisions could be seen on the phalanges of the large 



* The geographical distribution of these sites is as follows: The middle course 

 of the Dnieper (Xo. 16), the basin of the Desna (Nos. 17-18), northern Donets 

 (Nos. 19-21), tlic Crimea (Nos. 22-28), the coast of the Sea of Azov (No. 29), 

 Kuban (No. 30), Kuma (No. .31), the northern part of the Caucasian coast 

 (Nos. 32-36), Abkhazia (Nos. 37-54). Mingrclia (No. 55), and Uzbekistan 

 (No. 56). 



