NO. 13 SOVIET ANTHROPOLOGY — FIELD 2$ 



1933. It contains two horizons : the upper of the Late TalcoHtliic 

 type of Siuren I with northern deer; and the lower of Mousterian 

 type with saiga antelope, northern deer, rhinoceros, wild donkey, 

 Arctic fox, polecat, etc. 



23. Volcliii Grot. — This Mousterian cave situated on the rii,'ht 

 bank of the Beshtirek River at Mazanka near Simferopol, was dis- 

 covered and investigated by Merczhkovskii during 1880. He found, 

 mixed with ashes and charcoal, a Mousterian point, a small hand ax, 

 and remains of mammoth, wild horse. Bos, giant deer, and saiga 

 antelope in the yellow Quaternary stratum. During 1938 O. N. 

 Bader discovered here a rich Mousterian deposit. 



24. Kiik-Koba}'^ — The upper cultural horizon of this cave (see 

 also No. 15) lies in the stratum of yellow clay mixed with crushed 

 rock and is divided from the lower horizon, containing the Lower 

 Mousterian inventory, by a sterile band. The majority of the imple- 

 ments were points (some bifacc) and scrapers. The fauna included 

 the mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, wild horse, wild donkey, primitive 

 Bos, wild boar, cave bear, hyena, fox, rodents, and birds. Some of 

 the bones bore traces of incisions, suggesting use as small anvils ^^ 

 or for pressure flaking. This was the site of the destroyed burial 

 containing Neanderthal remains. ^- 



25. Kosh-Koba. — Traces of an apparently Mousterian cave, 25 

 kilometers from Simferopol on the right bank of the Zuia River next 

 to Kiik-Koba. During 1923 G. A. Bonch-Osmolovskii found two 

 large hearths, a few flints, and many animal bones, partly split, in- 

 cluding mammoth, rhinoceros, cave hyena, giant deer, bison, saiga 

 antelope, horse, wild donkey, fox, marmot, etc. 



26. Chagorak-Koba. — This Middle Paleolithic cave near Kainaut 

 in the Karasubazar region in the Crimea was discovered by O. N. 

 Bader during 1935 and studied by him during 1936-1937. The 

 fauna, including the woolly rhinoceros, wild horse, saiga, and cave 

 hyena, was found in the Quaternary stratum during 1936. In the 

 following year in the same stratum several flint implements of Mous- 

 terian type were unearthed. 



2J. Chokurcha. — An L^pper Mousterian cave in the valley of Malyi 



'°0n July 2, 1945, the Director of the Kthnological Institute of the Academy 

 of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.. asked nic to transmit to the Chicago Natural 

 History Museum, formerly Field Museum of Natural Histury, a cast of the 

 Kiik-Koba skeleton. Although since 1942 no longer curator of physical anthro- 

 pology, I forwarded it to Chicago. (H. F/) 



** Sec footnote 9. 



'* One wrist had been found. 



