30 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 1 10 



Magdalenian period. This site was first located during 1922 by P. A. 

 Nikitin. The excavations were made by P. P. Efimenko in 1923, 1925, 

 and 1929, and by P. I. Boriskovskii in 1906. 



60. Borshevo II. — The upper horizon corresponding to the stratum 

 of buried soil belongs to the end of the Magdalenian or to the Early 

 Azilian period. No mammoth bones were found. This cultural stratum 

 slopes gradually down to the side of the mouth of the Borshevo gully 

 and finally goes under the level of the Don River. (See No. 59.) 



61. Borshevo III. — At the mouth of Vishunov ravine, which cuts 

 the high Cretaceous right bank of the Don between Kuznetsov gully 

 and Borshevo ravine, at the time of first excavations made by P. P. 

 Efimenko during 1923, on the terrace of the bank was discovered the 

 accumulation of mammoth bones. Excavation by P. I. Boriskovskii 

 in 1936 also yielded the bones of Bos and other animals, and isolated 

 flints. 



62. Gagarino. — This Aurignacian-Solutrean site, on the left bank 

 of the Don, higher than the mouth of the Sosna River, near Gagarino 

 in the Voronezh O blast, is located on the northern slope of the ravine, 

 which leads to the Don Valley. The cultural remains lie directly 

 under the black earth (chernosem) in the upper part of the brown 

 loess. Limestone blocks indicated the walls of the shallow dugouts. 

 Among faunal remains mammoth bones were the most numerous, 

 but there were also represented the woolly rhinoceros, northern deer, 

 bison, Arctic fox, and rodents. The flint inventory is characterized 

 by the presence of points with lateral flakes removed (cf. No. 58). 

 In addition to bone tools, S. N. Zamiatnin found, during 1927 and 

 1929, female figurines made from the tusk of a mammoth. 



6t,. Kostenki I. — This Lower Solutrean site near Kostenki in the 

 Gremiachenskii Raion of the Voronezh Ohlast stands on the right 

 bank of the Don about 30 kilometers south of Voronezh. Here were 

 found the remains of a large encampment, forming an oval plateau 

 covered with traces of habitation, with the line of hearths following 

 its longitudinal axis. This area was occupied by numerous pits used 

 as storerooms. Around this surface construction were found con- 

 siderably larger pits or storerooms and three dugouts. In addition 

 to a large series of flint implements and animals bones, there were 

 also art objects including 42 female figurines (mainly in fragments), 

 many sculptures of animals, complete figures, heads, etc. Represented 

 in the fauna were a quantity of mammoth bones, as well as the horse, 

 Arctic fox, cave lion, bear, wolf, and hare. Only single finds of musk 

 ox and northern deer came to light. The cultural stratum lies under 

 the fertile black earth {chernozem) in the upper part of the diluvial 



