2,6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 1 10 



bank of the Volga on the island near Undory between Tetiushi and 

 Ulianovsk. Together with the bones of mammoth and other animals 

 there were also found two human calvaria, with the dark coloring 

 characteristic of Pleistocene fauna. The age of these finds remains 

 uncertain. 



93. Khriashchcvskaia Kosa. — Fossil bones were found on the left 

 bank of the Volga near Sengilei, farther downstream than this village. 

 Since the end of the 1870's bones of mammoth, Siberian rhinoceros, 

 primitive Bos, European bison, northern deer, elk, horse, and camel 

 have been found here. According to P. A. Ososkov this accumulation 

 of bones is the result of human activity since the long bones are often 

 split and bear traces of utilization. In addition, there was found the 

 frontal part of a human skull, which is, however, less deeply colored 

 than the animal bones. The Paleolithic character of the finds remains 

 tentative. 



94. lAhlonov Protok. — Among bones found on the left bank of 

 the Volga on the eroded sandy crest between the lAblonov channel 

 and the Sobachia Prorva channel near Tetiushi were those of mam- 

 moth, Siberian rhinoceros, horse, elk, noble deer, bison (subr), and 

 camel. Here also was found a human humerus, covered with the same 

 almost black and brilliant patina as the animal bones. No Paleolithic 

 flints were found. 



95. Ostrov. — The first find of the Upper Paleolithic period in the 

 Kama basin was made during September 1938 by M. V. Talitskii on 

 the Chusovaia River near Ostrov and Gladenovo. The cultural 

 stratum, lo.o cm. thick, lies at a depth of ii.o m. between the deposits 

 covered by spring floods. The fauna included mammoth and northern 

 deer, and apparently also the Siberian rhinoceros. The material con- 

 sisted of flakes of flint, slate, and rock crystal, as well as knife-shaped 

 laminae and small scrapers. Apparently it is here that occurred the 

 accidental find of a mammoth rib fragment with the engraving in 

 Paleolithic style, which first indicated the existence of this site. 



96. Buranovskaia Peshchera. — This cave is located 8 kilometers 

 north of Ust-Katav on the bank of the Yuryuzan River in the Chelia- 

 binsk O blast. The cultural stratum, containing the crushed bones of 

 animals, was discovered during 1938 at a depth of 2.0 m. in a yellow 

 clay deposit by S. N. Bibikov. The fauna included Bos, horse, 

 northern deer, Arctic fox, wolf, bear, rodents, birds, and fish. A few 

 worked flints were found. This Upper Paleolithic station represents 

 a temporary hunting camp. 



97. Kliuchevaia Peshchera. — This cave, situated near No. 96, lies 

 farther downstream on the Yuryuzan in the territory of the Bashkir 



