42 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, IIO 



were mammoth, rhinoceros, northern deer, horse, Arctic fox, wolver- 

 ine, and others. Of especial interest were the shells originating near 

 the Black Sea. Mezin was discovered by F. K. Volkov in 1908, in- 

 vestigated by P. P. Efimenko in 1909, by L. E. Chikalenko in 191 2- 

 1914, by B. G. Krizhanovskii in 1916, and by M. lA. Rudinskii in 



1930- 



128. Novgorod-Seversk. — This Upper Paleolithic site lies on the 



bank of the Desna River. The cultural deposits, partly beneath 

 crumbled limestone, were mainly destroyed by quarrying. Many 

 remains of the Pleistocene fauna, including mammoth, northern deer, 

 Arctic fox, and lemming were excavated, associated with flints and 

 worked bones. Among important objects were three gigantoliths, 

 pickax-shaped tools, 0.45 m. long and weighing about 8.0 kilograms, 

 of dark, Cretaceous flint. Found and excavated by I. G. Pidoplichka 

 during April 1936, this site was also investigated in collaboration 

 with M. V. Voevodskii and P. I. Boriskovskii during 1937-1938. 



129. Pushkari I. — This site, attributed to an early phase of the 

 Upper Paleolithic, stands on the right bank of the Desna River, 20 

 kilometers north of Novgorod-Seversk. Discovered by P. I. Boris- 

 kovskii in 1932, it was partly investigated by him in 1933 and during 

 1937-1938. The cultural stratum, at a depth of i.o m., yielded many 

 flints including points, scrapers, large retouched laminae, and other 

 forms. The faunal remains, including mammoth, Arctic fox, and 

 wolf, were badly preserved. 



130-134. Pushkari 1 1 -VI. — Near this village I. G. Pidoplichka and 

 M. V. Voevodskii discovered several more Upper Paleolithic sites. 



135. Pushkari VII (Pokrovshchina). — This station, presumably 

 belonging to the end of the Upper Paleolithic, was discovered and 

 investigated during 1938 by M. V. Voevodskii. It is situated near 

 Pushkari, 315 kilometers from the bank of Desna River. The cultural 

 stratum, comprising the accumulation of flints as rounded boulders, 

 flakes, and some finished tools, lay 1.6 m. above the bottom of the 

 gully. 



136. Chulatovo I. — Discovered and investigated by I. G. Pidop- 

 lichka during 1935, this Upper Paleolithic site stands on the right 

 bank of the Desna, 8 kilometers south of Novgorod-Seversk. Quarry- 

 ing for chalk in the Kreidianyi Maidan destroyed the greater part of 

 the site. The cultural stratum stands 25.0 m. above river level. The 

 fauna was represented by the mammoth, northern deer, horse, Arctic 

 fox, wolverine, and lemming. Part of a human calvarium with traces 

 of sawing ^^ were found associated with many flint implements typical 



1^ Cf. similar marks on Le Placard calvarium. (H. F.) 



