NO. 13 SOVIET ANTHROPOLOGY — FIELD Jl 



pottery making in the Chcrsonesus had reached an extensive degree 

 of development. Tiles with varied brands also confirm this. In the 

 same cellar, two small icons were discovered : one in slate with the 

 image of St. George hearing a lance and shield ; the other in Ijronze 

 with the image of Jesus Christ. Both arc covered with gilt, are dis- 

 tinguished by their fine workmanship, and can he ascril)ed to the 

 ninth-tenth century. Room VII contained wells with a water level 

 of 3.60 m. In other rooms were mills, mortars for crushing grain, 

 fishing tackle, and a ([uantity of pottery articles. One room had bronze 

 chains with an imperial orb, belonging to an ecclesiastical lamp. 



On the floors of rooms of this period, there were also traces of a 

 fire, as in the district excavated in 1931. It is certain that both districts 

 were burned at the same time that the entire city was destroyed by fire 

 at the end of the fifteenth century. 



During 1933 excavations were continued along the north shore of 

 the Chcrsonesus to the east of those undertaken in 1932. Only the top 

 stratum was removed over an area of about 500 square meters ; it 

 consisted of an accumulation of debris formed from the destruction 

 of buildings. Their floors were covered with soot, fragments of coal, 

 burnt articles, and pieces of tile. 



The walls were of rough stone (oshlar) bound together with mud, 

 with wooden beams inserted to connect tlie walls. The plan of the 

 buildings was usually irregular, the dimensions small, the floors 

 earthen, the walls unplastered or sometimes with a clay coating. 



The rooms belonged to two houses. In the first there was an oven, 

 in another two ovens — a small one in the east corner and a large one 

 in the north. These ovens were built of bricks and pieces of tile, 

 bound with clay; they were fitted with an arched "front oven": the 

 hearth was decorated with squares of baked earth. The roof had an 

 opening for the chimney ; tiles pierced with a round orifice and chimney 

 pipes were found. The presence of two ovens in one single room and a 

 third in another room of the same house indicates that this was a 

 large bakery, making bread for sale. This type of stove is rare in 

 houses of the period ; normally rooms were heated by simple stone 

 hearths. 



The second house was located in the eastern part of the district. 

 In room VIII there was a mortar for grain crushing next to a post 

 with a cavity for a pestle. Similar mortars were found in many rooms 

 of the same period during the 1931-1032 excavations. Room IX was 

 used for food storage : on the floor by the walls were a large number 

 of amphorae containing the remains of fish. Here also were production 

 tools: 2 iron swing-plows, more than 100 bronze fishhooks, 40 net 



