NO. 13 SOVIET ANTHROPOLOGY— FIELD 121 



basins, this type must certainly be regarded as belonging to the great 

 European" race {Homo sapiens indo-curopacus). This group is 

 characterized by brachyccpiialy, medium stature, dark color of the 

 eyes and iiair (typical brunets), moderate development of body hair, 

 and a rather small nose with a straight or sinuous bridge. In accord- 

 ance with the center of distribution area of this type Oshanin has 

 called this group "the Central Asiatic Duab" or "Homo sapiens indo- 

 europaeus, var. oxiano-jaxartensis." 



lArkho,^* on the basis of data obtained by him in Central Asia 

 during 1928-1932, described the same racial type but gives it the 

 name "Pamiro-Ferghanic" (Hoino sapiens indo-curopacus, var. 

 pamiro-jcrgJianica) . Such an isolation of one and the same type by 

 two independent investigators confirms the reality of this type. 



2. The second European type prevails largely among various Tur- 

 koman tribes inhabiting the Transcaspian steppes from the Caspian 

 Sea to Afghanistan and from the Amu-Darya to Khurasan. This 

 type, characterized by tall stature, doliciiocephaly, and dark color of 

 the eyes and hair, has been called by Oshanin, after the center of the 

 area it occupies, "the Transcaspian race" {Homo sapiens indo-euro- 

 pacus, var. transcaspica). 



lArkho, while isolating the same racial type on the basis of his own 

 data, defined its position among the dolichocephalic European races 

 more accurately, considering it as a variety of the Mediterranean race 

 and classing it within Fischer's Oriental race {Homo sapiens indo- 

 europacus, var. oricntalis Fisch.). 



3. The third European type is prevalent in the ethnic groups that 

 have immigrated into Central Asia from Khurasan and Persian 

 Azerbaijan, i.e., among the Persians, Iranian by their language, and 

 the Azerbaijanis, using Turki language. The characteristics of this 

 type are a medium stature, dolichoccphaly, and dark eyes and hair. 

 From the tall dolichocephals of the Transcaspian steppes it differs 

 by much more abundant hair and "Assyroid" [of Wcsteni Asia] 

 nasal form. By the morphology of the nose and profusion of the hair 

 growth this type might be included among the Armenoids of Western 

 Asia, but it sharply differs from the latter by its well-pronounced 

 dolichoccphaly. lArkho therefore separates it into a distinct type, 

 terming it "the Khurasan race" or "Homo sapietis indo-europacus, 

 var. khurasanica." 



*' Througliout this section Oshanin has used the word "Europcoid" which we 

 have generally changed to "European." (H. F.) 



^* lArkho, A. I., Antropologichcskii sostav turctskikh narodnostei Azii. ,\ZH, 

 No. 3, 1933. 



