122 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. TIG 



4. The fourth European type was brought into Central Asia by 

 immigrants from Asia Anterior. This is the Armenoid type {Homo 

 sapiens indo-europaeus, var. armenica). In its purest form this type 

 occurs among Central Asiatic Jews. The brachycephalic Europeans 

 of Asia Anterior (Armenoids) are distinguished from those of the 

 Central Asiatic Duab region by more abundant hair and the typically 

 "Assyroid" form of the nose. 



5. The fifth racial type is represented by typical Mongoloids (Homo 

 sapiens asiaticus) . The Mongoloid type is markedly prevalent among 

 the Kirghiz and Kazakhs, who live mainly on the steppes and in the 

 Tien Shan to the north of the Syr-Darya. lArkho, basing his con- 

 clusions on his own extensive data obtained among Turki tribes of 

 the Saian-Altai mountain system, distinguishes the following two 

 varieties among the Mongoloids: the Central Asiatic {Homo sapiens 

 asiaticus, var. centralis) and the South Siberian {Homo sapiens asi- 

 aticus var. sibirica meridionalis) . According to lArkho the latter 

 is predominant in Central Asia, 



According to Oshanin a comparison between the Iranian tribes of 

 the western Pamirs and the peoples of Central Asia, Iran, and Asia 

 Anterior reveals that the former must be reckoned among the typical 

 Europeans of Central Asia. No Mongoloid features could be traced 

 among these Iranian tribes. 



The European types inhabiting the Pamirs undoubtedly belong to 

 the brachycephalic Europeans of Central Asia, taking an intermediate 

 position between the Tajiks and Uzbeks and the Jews, immigrants 

 from Western Asia. In certain characters, such as abundant hair 

 and a high, prominent nose, the European types in the Pamirs are 

 more related to the Armenoids than to the inhabitants of the Duab 

 region. 



As to the racial types distinguished by Risley in the population of 

 India, the comparison indicates that only the Indo-Afghan race can- 

 not be excluded from the population of the Pamirs, where it does 

 constitute a very insignificant admixture. On the other hand the dis- 

 tribution of the cephalic index in the regions south of the Hindu 

 Kush suggests that the migration of the brachycephalic Europeans 

 of the Pamirs to the south was more intensive than the migration of 

 the Indo-Afghans to the north, across the barrier of the Hindu Kush. 

 The cephalic index, indeed, among the Qiitrali and Mastui reaches 

 80.26-80.56, while the admixture of dolichocephals to the Iranian 

 tribes is the most insignificant. 



Within the limits of Tibet, there is, according to Risley and Turner, 

 only one admixture of Europeans among its Mongoloid population, 



