NO. 13 SOVIET ANTHROPOLOGY — FIELD 139 



A tliird rarer type resembles Russian peasants w ith a light reddish 

 beard, medium stature, greenish, sometimes light blue, eyes, and a 

 straight nose. 



A fourth type, liaving a more darkly pigmented body skin, very 

 wide nose, thick lips, widely set eyes, differs greatly from the first 

 three types. 



T. A. Joyce, who published the materials collected by Sir Aurel 

 Stein, illustrates the mechanistic approach toward the study of the 

 variegated characters of the Tajiks. Together with Stein, Joyce 

 believes that the best-preserved autochthonous type of Tajiks is found 

 among the inhabitants of Rushan. Under the influence of the other 

 types (wide- and narrow-nosed Turko-Mongol types) this type has 

 changed to the north and south of Rushan. 



Ginzburg criticizes this because the geographically central location 

 is taken as the sole reason for considering Rushan as the original 

 type. This type, according to Ginzburg, is also a result of a definite 

 set of changes, and cannot be taken as the ancestral type. 



Most of the remaining descriptions of Tajiks have been summarized 

 by Shishlov. 



The authors who have studied the Tajiks of various regions point 

 out the difference between the Plains and Mountain Tajiks. Thus, 

 according to Ujfalvy the Mountain Tajiks were more brachycephalic 

 than the Plains Tajiks." 



According to several authors, Mountain Tajiks are more homo- 

 geneous in type than the Plains Tajiks. Thus, Arendarenko states 

 that the types of the Karategin and the Darvaz Tajiks are similar. 

 According to his descriptions, the Tajiks of these regions have swarthy 

 skin; straight, thick hair, black, red, or chestnut; black and light 

 brown eyes ; regular, expressive faces ; broad, steep, or low forehead, 

 and bold nose. 



The variation in the descriptions of Tajiks is due to the fact that 

 the population of different regions was studied. Sometimes the 

 descriptions were affected by the tcndentiousness of authors, some of 

 whom (Biddulph and Grcbcnkin) wanted to represent them as weak, 

 undeveloped, and lacking in endurance, or those who described them 

 as strong, broad-shouldered, and sturdy (Pokatilo). 



Even some of the older explorers were known to point out the 

 social, as well as historical and geographical, reasons for the varia- 

 tions of the types of Tajiks. Thtis, P.iddulph states that in certain 

 localities the "higher classes" show best the adnu'xture of "Aryan" 

 blood. 



2' According to Ginzburg tliis was discovered to be wrong. 



