154 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. II O 



usually not strongly expressed. Ginzburg did not record one fully 

 developed Mongoloid fold among adults (24 to 50). Mongoloid fold 

 was most frequent in Karategin (Surkh Oba Valley), and most rare 

 in central and eastern Darvaz. 



Mongoloid fold is much more common among nonadult individuals. 

 In a young group (18 to 23) it was absent in 78.34 percent, weakly 

 developed in 19. 11 percent, strongly expressed and medium in 1.27 

 percent of cases. In this age group. Mongoloid fold was most com- 

 monly present in southwestern Darvaz. 



Mongoloid fold is as rarely observed among Bukharan Tajiks 

 (Oshanin), Pendzhikent Tajiks (Vishnevskii), and Ferghana Tajiks 

 (lArkho). Tsimmerman observed a Mongoloid fold more frequently 

 in Pskem Valley. However, the ages were not differentiated in com- 

 parative data. 



Mongoloid fold is rarely observed among the Jews ; among Turko- 

 mans (lArkho) percentages vary in groups, and the same is true of 

 Uzbeks although here it is more clearly expressed than among Tajiks. 

 The same is true of Kirghiz with the exception of the Issyk-Kul group, 

 where it was found in the majority of cases. This variation may be 

 due to difference of recording method. 



In contrast to the Mongoloid fold the upper eye fold among Moun- 

 tain Tajiks was absent in 36.15 percent. It was weakly developed in 

 25.97 percent, medium in 25.32 percent, and strong in 12.56 percent 

 of all individuals. 



The upper fold is more common in Darvaz than in Karategin ; in 

 southwestern Darvaz it is better expressed than in central and eastern 

 Darvaz. Comparative study of upper fold discloses that it is some- 

 what better expressed among Pendzhikent Tajiks (Vishnevskii) to 

 a degree similar to that observable in southwestern Darvaz. Various 

 degrees of development of upper fold are found among Uzbeks and 

 Jews. In general, Jews have less-developed upper fold than the 

 Tajiks, and much less-developed than the Uzbeks. 



Thus, it may be concluded that the Mongoloid traits in the structure 

 of the eye are but slightly expressed among the Mountain Tajiks, but 

 that Mongoloid influence is undoubtedly felt. This may be seen 

 through the study of the younger individuals, and also from the 

 relatively high percentage of strongly and less strongly expressed 

 fold of the upper lid. This influence is most strongly felt in south- 

 western Darvaz, then in Karategin, and, least of all, in central and 

 eastern Darvaz. 



Nose structure. — The nose is usually of medium size (54.33 per- 

 cent). Large noses appear in 39.18 percent, small in 6.49 percent. 



