l66 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 1 10 



with the Persians. Consequently no doHchocephalic influence could 

 have come from Persia, especially since the Turkomans were reported 

 as dolichocephalic during the tenth century and did not come into 

 contact with the Khurasanians until the Seljuk period. 



The population of the entire area bounded by Khurasan to the 

 south, the Pamir-Alai and Tien Shan mountain systems to the east, 

 Jetty-Su on the north, and the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea and the 

 Kirghiz steppes on the west, can be divided into three groups : '^ 



1. Pure Aryans {Homo sapiens indo-enropaeus Giufifrida-Rug- 

 gieri), Turkestan Tajiks and Khurasanians. 



2. Pure Turko-Mongols {Homo sapiens asiaticus (Giuffrida-Rug- 

 gieri),or E. Fischer's "Mongolian Race"), Kara-Kirghiz and Kirghiz- 

 Kazakh. For lack of data and because of numerical unimportance, 

 such peoples as the Kara-Kalpaks and the Kipchaks have been omitted. 



3. Mixed peoples, resulting from mestization of groups i and 2, 

 which we shall call "Eurasian type." These include the Sarts and 

 Taranchis of the Jetty-Su region. 



For the following four groups some adquate data are available: 



1. Turkomans.*^ 



2. Uzbeks of Khwarazm.*^ 



3. Sarts of Tashkent.** 



4. Kara-Kirghiz *^ (i.e., Kirghiz) of the southern shores of Issyk- 

 Kul. 



For other groups there exist only averages and percentages of 

 brachycephaly, for Turkestan, from S. I. Rudenko's work on the 

 Bashkirs for Iran, and from Deniker and Roland Dixon. 



Let us compare the variational series of the cephalic index of the 

 Turkomans, the mixed group (Sarts and Uzbeks), and the Mongol 

 group (Issyk-Kul Kirghiz). 



lAvorskii's group included 59 men aged 15 to 60 measured in 

 Merv ; 51 were of the Teke tribe, 4 were of the Saryk tribe, 3 Ersari, 

 and I Alieli. No data were available for other groups. Oshanin states 

 that both the lomud tribe (Turkomans in Khiva) and the Turko- 

 mans of Murgab appear to be dolichocephalic. 



The mixed group is shown to be between the Mongols and the 



*i This is not an attempt to draw a classification for the Turkestan peoples — 

 such an attempt would not be possible on the basis of the available factual data — 

 but is merely a descriptive scheme used for the sake of convenience. (L. V. O.) 



*2 lAvorskii's material. 



43 Oshanin's data from 1923. 



4* A. P. Shishlov's measurements. 



45 Based on 100 males measured by Oshanin in 1924. 



