NO. 13 SOVIET ANTHROPOLOGY — FIELD 167 



Turkomans, the former being entirely brachycephalic, the latter 

 dolichocephalic. 



The Eurasian type, represented by the Uzbeks of Khiva (C.I. 

 82.21) and the Sarts of Tashkent (C.I. 82.73), resembled the Mon- 

 golians (C.I 84.84), but differed from the Turkomans (C.I. 75.6). 



The Turkomans could not derive their dolichocephaly from ad- 

 mixture with the Tajiks, who are also known to be typical brachy- 

 cepiials. They do not differ from northern Persians, whom botii 

 Dcniker and Dixon class as a dolichocephalic type. 



To Oshanin it appears possible that the Kurds are products of 

 mcstization of the Assyroid (Central ;\sian brachyccphalic) race with 

 the dolichocephalic Iranian nomadic tribes. Tajik brachycephaly 

 may be linked tentatively to the Homo sapiens indo-curopaeus var. 

 brachyccphalicus subvar. pamircnsis GiufTrida-Ruggicri. 



Furthermore, the Persians carried away by the Turkomans to 

 Turkmenistan and Khwarazm from the area adjoining the Turkoman 

 steppes and to the west of Asterabad were the brachyccphalic Tajiks. 

 Consequently their importation resulted in the strengthening of the 

 brachyccphalic element in Khwarazm. 



Because of the isolated position of Turkoman dolichocephaly, the 

 kindred races should be looked for in the more or less distant part of 

 Turkestan and neighboring lands. 



In tlie purely Aryan period of Turkestan, we find in the first 

 millennium B. C. irrigated oases with settled agricultural population 

 forming several organized states, with the warrior nomads occupying 

 unirrigated areas unsuited to cultivation. It is also recognized that 

 both the settled and nomadic groups belonged to the Iranian branch 

 of the Indo-European linguistic family.'*" 



The ancient anthropological indications permit us to conclude that 

 both these branches belonged to IJown sapiens indo-curopacus GiufT- 

 ricla-Ruggicri. but to which branch — brachyccphalic or dolicho- 

 cephalic ? 



The only known craniological material is that from .'Xnau.*' .Ac- 

 cording to Dixon, crania from the upper strata belong to the third 

 millennium or not later than the beginning of the second millennium 

 B. C. and include both brachyccphals and dolichocephals in approxi- 



** Only very scanty antliropological information rcRarding these peoples ap- 

 pears, partly in Cliinesc clironicles, partly in the works of Procopius. (Cf. 

 Vcsclovskii, p. 11). 



*^ See also Field, Henry, Contributions to the anthropology of Iran. Chicago, 

 1939- Soviet archeologists planned to recommence c.xca\-ations at Anau during 

 1946-1948. 



