194 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. IIO 



2. Mandibular breadth. 



3. The entire complex of characters typical for Asia. 



lArkho does not believe the validity of the data on the nose and 

 epicanthic fold. There are also insufficient data on pilosity, vi^hich 

 may result from Pamiro-Ferghan admixture since the hairiness 

 appears to be higher among the western Kazakhs. Depigmentation 

 may be natural to the Altaic type or may be due to a very ancient 

 admixture. The structure of the head and face includes the Kazakhs 

 in the Mongoloid cycle. 



The Altai variety of the Mongol race apparently coincides with 

 Deniker's Turkish race, "supplementing and expanding its stingy but 

 neat definitions." 



The following are regarded as specialized traits: great stature; 

 modeling of skull; prominent nose; structure of lips; ear (reduction 

 of the helix) ; and probably depigmentation. This indicates that our 

 Altaic type approaches the Turkish race as characterized by Deniker : 

 "The Turkish race may be characterized in the following manner : 

 stature above medium (167.0-168.0) brachycephaly (81.8-87.0) ; face 

 oblong, oval ; eyes non-Mongol, but frequently with an outer eyefold ; 

 hair covering moderately developed; broad cheek-bones, thick lips, 

 straight and relatively prominent nose." 



In the future we shall attempt to elucidate the role of the Mongol 

 race in the formation of other peoples of Altai and Saian, and also 

 shall give a craniological verification of our positions. The problem 

 of the historical genesis of this type will be solved by paleoanthropol- 

 ogists. In this connection much is expected from the study of the 

 crania collected by S. A. Teplukhov from the ancient graves in the 

 Minusinsk region. 



Since ancient crania of Turkish type have been found as far apart 

 as Trans-Baikalia (Talko-Grintsevich) and South Russia, the dis- 

 tribution of this type in Eurasia must have been very wide. A mestiza- 

 tion resulting in the origin of the Altaic type consequently is not 

 excluded, but such a mestization may have taken place at a very early 

 period. 



Due to the localization of the described "Altaic" type in the steppe 

 zone of South Siberia, lArkho proposes that it be named Homo 

 sapiens asiaticus var. sibirica meridionalis. 



The Saianic type (subvar. saianica) is a local variant of a wider 

 complex which is best described as "Central Asiatic" (var. centralis). 



