NO. 13 SOVIET ANTHROPOLOGY — FIELD 203 



Q>NCLUSIONS 



Rudenko's Kazakh group is characterized by dark and light skin ; 

 dark hair and eyes ; medium stature ; obvious bracliycephaly, eury- 

 prosopy, and mesorrhiny tending toward leptorrhiny. From the 

 analysis of tiie distribution curves, it is seen that two elements are 

 indicated among both men and women : tall and short ; narrow-nosed 

 and with a nose of medium breadth, the latter group (i.e., the mcsor- 

 rhines) being also characterized by a relatively broader face. 



Only preliminary considerations may be advanced regarding the 

 racial type and tribal composition of the western Kazakhs. There 

 are three points of view regarding these problems : 



Kharuzin ^^ writes that they not only lack ethnological and anthro- 

 pological unity, but also do not have any numerically strong nucleus 

 around which other elements could become grouped. According to 

 him, the Kazakhs are in the process of being dissolved in numerous 

 Turkish, MongoHan-Turkish, and even other (Usuns or Wusun) 

 tribes. This conglomerate character of the Kazakhs Kharuzin explains 

 by geographical conditions, i.e., the steppes. 



In another work while denying that the Kazakhs have a strictly 

 definite type, Kharuzin states that there is an average predominating 

 type among them, and proceeds to describe it. In addition to this 

 type, he also states that among the Kazakhs are encountered indi- 

 viduals leaning toward either the Mongolian or the Caucasian race. 



Criticizing Kharuzin's position, Ivanovskii, who does not think 

 that the anthropological data indicate a high degree of mestization, 

 lack of pure type, etc., among the Kazakhs, favors vaguely the idea 

 of relative homogeneity of the Kazakh type. 



Aristov, after examining Kharuzin's conclusions, supposes that 

 the predominating type described by Kharuzin among the Kazakhs 

 must be considered to be a Turkish (Turki) type. The other two 

 types he is inclined to consider to be the western Dinlin and the 

 Finno-Ugrian type. At the same time he thinks that the historical, 

 ethnographical, and philological considerations and data also indicate 

 traces of the Samoyed type. 



Comparing the anthropological traits of the Kazakhs described 

 above by Rudenko with the corresponding, partly published data 

 regarding the Uralian, Altaian, and western Mongolian Turks and 

 with some of the Mongol tribes, it is not difficult to obser\-e that they 

 are all possessed of common morphological peculiarities, and ap- 



89 Kharuzin, A., K vnsprosu o proiskhozhdenii Kirgliirskogo naroda. Etno- 

 graficheskoe Obozrcnie, 1895, p. 26. 



