NO. 13 SOVIET ANTHROPOLOGY FIELD 205 



cent). Upper eye fold: weak. Upper lip: height above medium; 

 thin, but thicker than that of lomuds. Ear : more protruding than 

 that of lomuds ; less pendulous lobe. Compared to lomuds, Chaudyrs 

 have less dolichocephaly, greater head breadth and less head heiglit. 

 They also have wider minimum frontal, zygomatic, and bigonial 

 diameters and greater face height. The Chaudyrs have a large ad- 

 mixture of Mongoloid individuals. 



Chaudyrs of the Caucasus. — This group is still farther removed 

 from the lomuds. Stature: lower. Hair: darker. Beard: growth 

 weaker. Forehead : medium slanting, supraorbital crest. Facial pro- 

 file : much weaker. Nose : root height below medium ; tip elevation 

 straight. The remaining characteristics do not show a sharp deviation 

 from other groups. Mongoloid peculiarities of the eye are like those 

 of Khwarazm Chaudyrs, but epicanthic fold less frequent. Great 

 upper lip height. Ear : lower percentage of pear-shaped forms ; 

 greater ear protrusion ; smaller degree of helix inversion. Still less 

 head length, but greater head breadth than lomuds. Mesoccphalic 

 index. Broader minimum frontal, zygomatic, and bigonial diameters. 

 Greater nose length and breadth than the lomuds. Very considerable 

 percentage of individuals of Mongoloid type. 



Certain group distinctions are observable among Caucasian Turk- 

 omans, the most significant being the lesser Mongolization of the 

 Chaudyr subgroup in comparison with Suiun-Dzjadzhii and the 

 Ygdyr. 



Suuuiiary. — Our problem is to discover which of the three Mongol 

 races of Northern and Central Asia participated in the formation of 

 the Turkoman racial type: North Asiatic, Central .Asiatic, or South 

 Siberian. 



It must be stated that our materials do not furnish a definite answer 

 to this problem. Obviously the probability of participation of the 

 North Asiatic "" element is small. Since the greatest degree of Mongo- 

 loidicity among the Caucasian Turkomans is accompanied by a bizygo- 

 matic breadth of 145-146 mm., the possibility of a considerable ad- 

 mixture of the Ural-Altaic subtype is excluded. 



The participation of the Paleo-Siberian type (subdolichocephalic, 

 massive, broad-faced, with strongly slanting forehead and a sharply 

 marked supraorbital crest) is impossible to deny since geographically 

 it had been in contact with the long-headed race both in Siberia and 

 Europe. If such were the case, its traces may more probably be 

 found in the Caucasus than in Khwarazm. and other Mongoloid ele- 



90 



Cf. the Ural-Altaic group including the Voguls and Shortsi. 



