NO. 13 SOVIET ANTHROPOLOGY — FIELD 209 



11. Quantitatively, the materials assembled greatly exceed the 

 pre-Revolutionary collections. For the first time the Kumandintsis, 

 Altai-Kirghis, Teleuts, Crimean Tatars, Astrakhan Tatars, Kara- 

 Kalpaks, Kirghiz, Uzbeks, Kuraniins, Tuhalars, and Shortsis were 

 investigated. 



12. Among the few Siberian and Tatar groups still to he studied 

 are the Karagasis, Kalmazhis, and Dolgans. 



13. The study of the Turkish peoples was carried out in four fieUls : 



a. Racial composition. 



b. Physical development. 



c. Mestization. 



d. Demographic data. 



Racial composition. — The theoretical problems of racial analysis 

 of the Turkish nationalities have been studied mainly by Bunak 

 (craniological data) and by Oshanin and lArkho. The majority of 

 the data, particularly those collected by the MGU investigators 

 (Debets, lArkho, and Trofimova), those of Central Asia (Oshanin) 

 and of Transcaucasia (Anserov), yielded consistent results. 



According to lArkho, it is already possible, through the study of 

 the data available, to obtain a relatively accurate idea of the basic 

 anthropological types which were combined to produce the modern 

 Turkish peoples, although there still remain many unsolved problems. 



In attempting to classify the Turks into one of the racial branches 

 either in a Mongoloid or a Europeoid "^ race of the first order, I.Vrkho 

 comes to the conclusion that the racial heterogeneity of the Turks has 

 been entirely proved. If one disregards the more recent admi.xture 

 of the Russian elements, some of the Altaic peoples of Siberia and the 

 Yakuts may be considered to be relatively pure Mongoloids. The 

 concentration of the Mongoloid influence decreases gradually toward 

 the west. The western Turks are characterized by feebly expressed 

 Mongoloid traits and by practically pure European characteristics, 

 e.g., the Kuniyks (Debets) ; Azerbaidzhan Turks of Nakhichevan, 

 Nukha, and Gandzha (Anserov, I.\rkho, and Debets) ; Karaims 

 (Adler) ; and the Crimean Tatars from the south coast (Terebinskaia). 



A large section of the Turkish language groups is of a racially 

 hybrid character. They are mixtures of varying composition of the 

 Mongoloid and European races of the first order, e.g., Uzbeks, Tatars, 



•3 Term used by Soviet anthropologists to denote Homo sapiens i>uio-eurof<iicuj 

 in contradistinction to Homo sapii-tts asiaticttj (Mongoloid) and certain transi- 

 tional forms such as suburalis and sublapf>ica (sublapponoid). I/\rkho docs not 

 dififcrentiate between Turks and merely Turkizcd stocks. (H. F.) 



