212 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, IIO 



insufficiently developed program and the errors of method, the results 

 are not valid. Nevertheless, the materials collected testify to the 

 absence of any negative influence of mestization upon the physical 

 development of the population. The hybrids of Altaians and Kha- 

 kass with the Russians have the higher physical indices of the 

 Russians (Belkins and lArkho). 



Data regarding the physical development of definitely hybrid 

 groups (e.g., Uzbeks, Kara-Kalpaks, etc.) demonstrate conclusively 

 that no decrease of anthropometric indices accompanies mestization. 



No materials have yet been published regarding the mechanism 

 of variability of racial traits in the course of mestization. 



Demographic data. — The demographic study of the Turkish peoples 

 was conducted by questioning individual families and economic units. 



The following areas were studied under different auspices : The 

 UNKHU Expedition, the Society for the Study of Soviet Asia, and 

 the Uzbek Institute of Social Hygiene in the Oirot Autonomous 

 Province, the Kirghiz S.S.R., Uzbek S.S.R., the Kara-Kalpak A. P., 

 the North Caucasus, the Bashkir A.S.S.R., the Karachev A. P., and in 

 Daghestan; the Institute of Social Hygiene of the R.S.F.S.R. and 

 the Society for the Study of Soviet Asia in Daghestan; and by the 

 latter and the Turkoman Institute for Social Hygiene in the Kara- 

 Kalpak A. P., and the Tatar A.S.S.R. ; and the Academy of Sciences 

 of the U.S.S.R. in the Bashkir, Kazakhstan, and the Yakut A.S.S.R. 

 In addition, the current official statistical data of the GOSSTATIS- 

 TIKA were available. 



Although the theoretical interpretation of these data is under con- 

 sideration by Time, Schreiber, and Baronov, the following facts may 

 now be stated : 



a. The presence of a specific demographic structure (age-sex 

 composition) of many Turkish groups. 



b. Relatively high dynamic indices of many groups. 



c. Many radical demographic changes, with respect to the longevity, 

 mortality, marrying age, etc., as a result of improvements in social- 

 economic conditions. 



d. That the peculiarities noted can in no sense be connected with 

 the racial factors, in so far as the inheritable influences of fertility and 

 other biodemographic indices are governed by the social-economic 

 factors. 



e. That the gradual numerical decrease of two Turkish peoples, 

 the Nogais and the Turkomans of North Caucasus, can be explained 

 by social-economic analysis (lArkho). 



f. At the end of the First Five Year Plan the following were the 



