NO. 13 SOVIET ANTHROPOLOGY — FIELD 2iy 



and the range of variation for means as suggested by Bunak was 

 followed. 



This series was brachycephalic (greatest occipital length 176.9; 

 greatest breadth 145.4), hypsicephalic (height 132.9), and of medium 

 size, with a medium broad forehead. Tiie skull was often sphenoidal, 

 although spheroidal and euripentagonoidal forms predominated. The 

 face was of medium height and breadth ; the nose was medium broad 

 and the orbits of medium height. The slant of the forehead was 

 medium, the profile orthognathous, with a medium nasal prominence. 



In attempting to discover the racial affinities of the series, Tro- 

 fimova deduced that the facial characteristics were close to the Euro- 

 pean Armenian (Bunak's 105 crania) Abkhazian (Trofimova's 41 

 crania) and eight "Sarmatians" from Astrakhan (Debets). The 

 Tatar crania, however, had a less prominent nose and a less-developed 

 fossa canina, and a relatively large number (2S.5 percent) had a fossa 

 prenasalis type of nasal orifice. No other Mongoloid traits were 

 present. 



In general, the series was considered to belong within the Euro- 

 peoidal brachycephalic groups, despite the presence of Mongoloid 

 elements. After examining 24 crania in Moscow Trofimova divided 

 them into two groups, one showing preponderance of Europeoidal 

 traits, the other having Mongoloid tendencies. Of the seven crania 

 classified as Mongoloid, only two were definitely of Mongoloid type : 

 the others having only certain Mongoloid traits. Several crania of 

 the European group were of the characteristic European type, the 

 remainder manifesting a slight Mongoloid admixture. 



The cephalic index of the Europeoid group is less than that of the 

 Mongoloid, while the absolute dimensions of the Mongoloid group 

 are greater, and the skulls higher. The crania of the Central Asiatic 

 and the South Siberian types, which may have participated in the 

 formation of this Tatar group, are also of large absolute dimensions 

 and relatively low height. On the basis of further analysis, Trofimova 

 came to the conclusion that the Golden Horde Tatars from Stre- 

 letskaia Sloboda and Sharinnyi Bugor were a mestized group consist- 

 ing, basically, of the brachycephalic European aiid the Mongoloid 

 types. 



In order to determine the component elements of the Golden Horde 

 Tatars, Trofimova compared them with other braciiycephalic crania 

 of mixed types. For this reason she examined a series of 14 Uzbek 

 crania from contemporaneous cemeteries of Zolotaia Mulushka near 

 Samarkand and from Tashkent. Trofimova also examined a series of 

 41 Abkhazian crania (37 of which had been described in 1879 by 



IS 



