215 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. JIG 



A. A. Tikhomirov and A. P. Bogdanov), and also Bunak's mea- 

 surements on Armenians and Croats and Reicher's measurements on 

 Danisians. 



The Uzbek crania were found to be more dolichocephalic and con- 

 siderably higher than these Tatars. In general, the main difference 

 between these two closely related types were the greater cranial, 

 orbital, and facial heights. Trofimova divided the Uzbek series into 

 "Europeoidal" and "Mongoloid" groups. lArkho states that the 

 Uzbeks are a typical hybrid group resulting from the mixture of the 

 white and yellow races of the first order. They are typical repre- 

 sentatives of the Pamiro-Ferghanian racial complex. The Uzbeks 

 of the nontribal groups have a slight Mongoloid admixture. 



According to lArkho the Pamiro-Ferghan complex is character- 

 ized by "brachycephaly, a short skull, a straight forehead and a straight 

 or slightly convex nose, an average nasal breadth and an average hair 

 growth. ... It is hardly likely that this type belongs in the European 

 racial cycle; more probably, it is connected with the short-headed 

 population of Vorderasien and the Caucasus." 



Trofimova assumes, therefore, that the Golden Horde Tatars, 

 near in type to the Uzbeks, are also a result of the mixture between 

 the Mongoloid and the brachycephalic European types of the Pamiro- 

 Ferghan complex. 



In order to discover the components of this mestization, Trofimova 

 also divided the Uzbek group into European (8) and Mongoloid (9) 

 series of crania. 



Trofimova concluded that three component elements were repre- 

 sented among the Golden Horde crania : 



1. Europeoid Pamiro — Ferghan group. 



2. Mongoloid a. South Siberian. 



b. Central Asiatic. 



The presence of these elements does not explain the unusual head 

 length of the European series and the low orbits of the entire group. 

 These can only be explained by the presence within the group of 

 another European type, characterized by a long head, and low orbits. 

 Such a type can only be one of the variants of the Mediterranean race. 

 The admission of such an element will explain fully the racial com- 

 position of the Golden Horde Tatars. 



Debets also investigated five Golden Horde groups: 



1. Davydovka-Augustovka tumuli (Pugachev region) : South 

 Siberian type. 



2. Volga-German A.S.S.R. tumuli : South Siberian type. 



