NO. 13 SOVIET ANTHROPOLOGY — FIELD 2I9 



3. Uvek site : South Siberian type ; partly raniiro-Ferghan, or a 

 closely related variety of European brachycepiuilic type. 



4. Bukcevskaia steppe : Pamiro-l-'erghan of a closely related Euro- 

 peoidal brachycephalic type with probable Mediterranean admixture. 



5. Tiaginka village, near Kherson on the Dnieper: South Siberian. 

 Trofimova then gives a summary of the pre-Mungol populations of 



the Lower Volga: 



Earliest known remains are Sarmatian described by P. S. Rykov 

 and P. D. Rau, Previously considered to be Iranian nomads from 

 Asia, who began their invasion during the fourth century B. C, tiie 

 Sarmatians, according to Marr, Ravdonikas, etc., "were not an ethnic 

 group, but rather a new stage in the development of society during 

 the Scythian epoch," in the regions of the Black Sea steppes (Sauro- 

 matians) and the \"olga. The Sarmatian crania described by Debets ' 

 are of a brachycephalic type with a medium high face, leptorrhine and 

 wide prominent nose, definitely European, in spite of the rather great 

 face breadth. Similar crania were described by Rudenko * from 

 Prokhorovo tumuli near Orenburg, and by Komarova ^ from Bronze 

 Age sites. 



Trofimova also examined seven crania from Chilpck burial ground 

 near Kara-kol in the Kirghiz A.S.S.R. excavated in 1929 by M. \'. 

 Voevodskii and attributed to the period between the first century B. C. 

 and the first century A. D. They were compared by \'oevodskii with 

 the "Scythian" crania from Altai, described by Griaznov," and also 

 with the nomadic burials from Orenburg steppe excavated by Grekov. 

 Trofimova found that six of the crania belonged to lArkho's Pamiro- 

 Ferghan type now living in Central Asia; one was close to the Medi- 

 terranean type; one, while similar to the Pamiro-Ferghan type, 

 possessed an Armenoid nose and a few similarities with the Medi- 

 terranean type. 



The second series attributed to the Sarmatian period, described 

 by Debets from the Volga-German A.S.S.R., was of the so-called 

 Andronovo type. 



s Debets, G.. AZH, No. i, 1936. 



* Rudenko, S. I., Opisanie skcletov iz Prokhorovskikh Kurganov [Description 

 of skeletons from Prokhorovo tumuli). Materialy Arkhcologii Rossii, No. 37, 

 1938. 



" Komarova, ^^. N., Chcrcpa bronzovoi cpoklii iz mogil po Icvym pritokam 

 reki Ural [Bronze Age crania from the graves on the left tributaries of the 

 Ural River], Leningrad, 1927. 



" Griaznov, M. P., Raskopka kniazheskoi mogily na Altae [The excavation 

 of a prince's tomb in the Altai] ; Pazyrykskoc kniazheskoc pogrcbcnie na Altae 

 [A prince's burial from Pazyryk, Altai]. Priroda, No. 11, p. 971, 1929. 



