220 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 1 10 



When these Sarmatian crania were compared with the European 

 group of the Golden Horde Tatars, one thousand years later, Tro- 

 fimova discovered an exceptional degree of similarity between them. 

 This agrees with the archeological evidence collected by Rykov, who 

 concludes that the culture of the Sarmatian epoch "grew over into" 

 the Golden Horde culture in the Lower Volga. 



This brachycephalic type is still preserved in Central Asia among 

 modern inhabitants of Uzbekistan and Tadzhikistan. 



According to Debets, the dolichocephalic European type, wide- 

 spread in the steppes of the Ukraine during the Scytho-Sarmatian ^ 

 period, is also represented in the Saltovo burials of the eighth and 

 ninth centuries, variously classified as "Alanic" or "Khozarian" ; ^ 

 another type, present in Saltovo, ' were brachycephalic European 

 crania of Dinaric affinities. It was curious that no Mongoloid crania 

 were found in this series of "Tatar" burials. 



The only Mongoloid South Siberian crania attributed to the Torks 

 (?) were found in Gorodtsov's excavations in the Izium and Bakh- 

 mut regions of the Ukraine, These crania were attributed to the 

 eleventh century A. D. Debets, who studied this series of 15 crania, 

 stated that there were 3 European dolichocephalic crania and 4 of the 

 mixed type. 



The only other Mongoloid crania from eastern Europe from any 

 period are the fourth century A. D. Hun crania from Hungary 

 described by Bartucz.^ 



Conclusions 



The Golden Horde Tatars were a strongly mestized group com- 

 posed of Europeoid and Mongoloid elements. The city-dwellers' 

 crania from Sharinnyi Hill and Streletskaia Sloboda, as well as those 

 from Uvek belong mainly to the Pamiro-Ferghan European type. 

 The Mongoloid element present in the series belongs overwhelmingly 

 to the South Siberian (Deniker's "Turkish") type. The latter is 

 typical for the Golden Horde nomad crania from sites in the Pugachev 

 region and from the Volga-German A.S.S.R., where there appears a 

 European admixture. 



■^ Bogdanov, A. P., O mogilakh skifo sarmatskoi epokhi i o kraniologii skifov 

 [The tombs of the Scythio-Sarmatian epoch and Scythian craniology]. Antro- 

 pologicheskaia vystavka, vol. 3, pt. i, p. 263. 



8 Debets, G., Cherepa iz Verkhne — Saltovskogo mogilnika [Crania from the 

 Upper Saltovo burial ground]. Antropologiia, VUAN [now ANU], vol. 4, 

 Kiev, 1 93 1. 



^ Bartucz, Lajos, "Ober die anthropologischen Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 

 von Moson Szent Janos. SKYTHIKA, vol. 2, Prague, 1929. 



