NO. 13 SOVIET ANTHROPOLOGY — FIELD 223 



Kalmyk craniology was published by A. A. Ivanovskii," who also 

 described a large series of crania. 



Studies on Kalmyk craniology have jjccn iniblished recently by 

 IM. Reichcr -" and N. K. Lyzenkov/^ but these investigations were 

 either published as comparative materials (Reichcr) or were based 

 on an insufficient amount of material (Lyzenkov: 5 male crania.) 



The present investigation by Levin and Trofimova is based on a 

 scries of 61 crania in the Museum of Anthropology of Moscow First 

 University. 



A large portion of the series is described for the first time ; there 

 are 21 male and 9 female crania from the Kalmyk cemetery near Bodek 

 settlement in the Manych area, which were brought to the Museum 

 in 1925 by members of the Kalmyk Expedition from the State Insti- 

 tute for Social Hygiene. The remainder, already described by Ivan- 

 ovskii and Reicher, come from the older collections of the Museum 

 (11 crania collected by Lesgaft from cemeteries of Astrakhan, Ulus 

 [nomad community] Khoshutovskii, and Zamianskaia Cossack settle- 

 ment ; and 20 crania collected by Walter and others). 



The series of 61 contains 43 male and 18 female crania. The 

 measurements and descriptions used are those of Rudolph Martin ; 

 the sex was determined cranioscopically. The three series were studied 

 separately and collectively. 



The Kalmyk type is described (pp. 76-77) in the following terms: 

 Of medium length and relatively great breadth ; brachyccphalic, bor- 

 dering on mesocephalic ; the head not high ; the face long and broad 

 with a medium facial index; orthognathous ; the nose long and not 

 very prominent with a medium nasal index ; the orbits high ; and the 

 forehead medium slanting. The browridges, fossa canina, and spina 

 spinalis are weakly developed. 



In general, the scries might be regarded as Mongoloid, only seven 

 skulls having some Europeoid traits (two from Manych, two col- 

 lected by Walter, two Astrakhan). In attempting to analyze this 

 Europeoid element, the author dismisses the possibility of a Russian 

 admixture and agrees with the conclusions of Chcboksarov,^' who 



i» Mongoly-Turguty Trudy Antropologich. Old. IOI.E.\E. vol. 13. 1893. 



20 Untersuchungen uber Schadclform dcr alpcnlandischen und mongolischcn 

 Bracliyccphalcn. Zeitschr. Morphol. und Anthrop., vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 421-562; 

 vol. 16, No. I, pp. 1-64, 1913. 



21 Matcrialy k kraniologii Kalmykov [Craniology of the Kalmyks! . AZH, 

 Nos. 1-2, 1933. 



22 Chcbok.sarov, N. N., Kalmyki Zapadnngo ulusa [The Kalmyks of the 

 western UltiJ (subdivision of a horde) b AZH. No. i, 1935. 



