NO. 13 SOVIET ANTHROPOLOGY — FIELD 225 



elusion that this Europeoid element was closer to Bunak's "Pontic" 

 type than to the more dolichocephalic, narrower-faced Central Asian 

 Europeoid type. 



The interrelation between the mesocephalic ("Pontic") and the 

 dolichocephalic variants of the eastern branch of the Mediterranean 

 race have not yet been determined. lArkho suggested a connection 

 between the dolichocephalic Turkoman groups and such dolicho- 

 cephalic Caucasian c^roups as the Kurds and Azerbaidzhan Turks, 

 without, however, making an analysis of the relationships. Although 

 Cheboksarov differentiated between the mesocephalic component of 

 the western Circassians and the extremely dolichocephalic type com- 

 mon among the lomud Turkomans, yet he followed lArkho in seeking 

 only the latter element among the Turkomans of North Caucasus. 

 This does not explain the absence of the dolichocephalic type among 

 the Kalmyks, who were fixed with the Turkomans. 



After comparing the Mongoloid elements with other Mongoloid 

 groups, Levin and Trofimova arrived at the following conclusions : 



The average for the series agreed with the measurements of Tannu- 

 Tuvans from Kemchik, measured by Debets ; '^ the Kalmyks pos- 

 sessed more slanting foreheads, higher orbits, and slightly more promi- 

 nent, but narrower, noses. These characters are similar to those of 

 Euriats from Kudinsk, measured by Debets (loc. cit.), and are gen- 

 erally common for the South Siberian types (e.g., the Kazakhs) who, 

 however, are extremely brachycephalic and have very large absolute 

 cranial dimensions. A similarly strong frontal slant was also found by 

 Roginskii *- among the Lake Baikal Tungus, who are, however, 

 extremely dolichocephalic and have flat noses. 



On individual evaluation of the crania in the Mongoloid portion 

 of the series, a group of four aberrant crania was isolated (three from 

 Manych, one from Lesgaft's collection from Zamianskaia). These 

 four crania are dolichocephalic, with very high and wide faces, strongly 

 slanting foreheads, and medium-prominent (for a Mongoloid group) 

 noses. Without any doubt these four crania belong to the Paleo- 

 siberian race represented among the Tungus of Lake Baikal, the 

 Ostiaks, the \'oguls, and the Shortsi. 



In the absolute dimensions of the skull and the facial and frontal 

 characters, the Kalmyks are close to the Tungus. In the majority 



" Debets, G.. Craniological description of Taiinu-Tuvans. Sevcmaia Ariia, 

 Nos. 5-6, 1929. 



"2 Roginskii, I.\., Materials for the anthropology of Tungus of the northern 

 Lake Baikal area. AZH, No. 3, I934- 



