NO. 13 SOVIET ANTHROPOLOGY — I-IELD 227 



orbital distance being relatively great. The face was orthognathous, 

 with a slight tendency to alveolar prognathism. The development of 

 the fossa canina was slight. 



The series was not homogeneous, there being a wide range of 

 variations. 



Measurements on the living agreed with the craniological data. 



The Ulchi (they call themselves "Nani") number only 723 indi- 

 viduals, according to the 1926 census. They live in the region of the 

 lower Amur River between the regions occupied by the Giliaks and the 

 Golds. They arc described as a complex of clans of dilTercnt origin, 

 consisting of the Cold, the Orochi, the Ainu, the Manchu, and the 

 Giliak. 



Both in language and in culture the Ulchi are related to the Gold, 

 but they have also been influenced by the Orochi and the Giliak, whom 

 they most resemble craniologically. However, the Ulchi skulls 

 possessed a lower cephalic index and a more retreating forehead 

 than skulls of the Orochi and the Gold. Levin states that even Ainu 

 admixture, if present, would not be sufficient to explain these differ- 

 ences, and suggests that the long-headed component of the Gold, who 

 appear to be related to the North Chinese, may also be present in 

 the Ulchi. 



He also advances the hypothesis that this lower cephalic index 

 among the Ulchi represents a Paleoasiatic admixture, present among 

 many groups of the Evenks (Tungus). Recapitulating his characteri- 

 zation of the Pacific Ocean type of the Mongoloid race, which the 

 Ulchi resemble, Levin states: "This type, scattered widely among the 

 peoples of the Amur region, seems to be the basis on which the further 

 formation of both Paleoasiatics and the Tungus-Manchus proceeded." 



TWO TYPES OF YAKUT CRANIA 



A. N. lUzefovich ^" states that the presence of two anthropological 

 types among the Yakuts has been recorded by all investigators since 

 Middendorff.^' 



According to A. N. Xikiforov the Yakuts begin a description of a 

 person by stating whether he has a long or a round face. ^L-iinov " 

 wrote that a "small percentage of the Yakuts have somewhat different 



" lUzefovich, A. N., D\'a tipa I.Akutskikh chcrcpov [Two types of Yakut 

 crania]. AZH. No. 2, pp. 65-78. 1937. 



'^ MiddcndorfT, A., Puteshestvic na sever i vostok Sibiri [A voyage to the 

 north and cast of Siberia], pt. 2. St. Petersburg, 1869. 



" Mainov, I. I., Nasclcnic I.\kutii [The population of Yakutia). Leningrad, 

 1927. 



