NO. 13 SOVIET ANTHROPOLOGY — FIELD 23 1 



could be explained either as a result of mestization with a highly 

 brachycephalic group (Athabaskan Indian), or in the course of local 

 development under conditions of isolation. 



L. S, Berg also shares Jochelson's views regarding the American 

 origin of the Aleuts, without, however, touching upon the anthro- 

 pological affinities. 



Hrdlicka has stated that the Aleuts belong to the Eskimo stock 

 and has explained their physical differences from the Eskimos, par- 

 ticularly their brachyccphaly, as the result of mestization with the 

 Athabaskans. He bases this explanation on the postulate of a southerly 

 migration of Eskimos from Alaska to the Aleutian Islands. 



Montandon,*^ working with extremely limited material, connects 

 the Aleuts with the Giliaks, and unites them into the "Aleut-Giliak 

 type," a branch of the greater Mongoloid race. Biasutti shares this 

 view, terming this branch "Aleutian." 



Tokareva selected for investigation 32 male and 22 female crania, 

 and 5 crania segregated into a special group as not typically Aleutian. 

 This number of crania may be deemed sufficient for study, since the 

 total number of Aleuts in 1937 was only about 2,000. 



Jochelson attributed these crania to the period prior to the Russian 

 invasion, i.e.. during the middle of the eighteenth century. This 

 eliminates the possibility of Russian admixture. 



The age groups represented were as follows: 28 adult, i mature, 

 and 3 subadult males; and 12 adult. 7 mature, and 3 subadult females. 

 Measurements were taken according to Rudolf Martin's technique. 



Neither artificial cranial deformation nor pronounced cranial 

 asymmetry was observed. Three crania were affected by syphilis. 



Preliminary examination revealed a group of five crania (three 

 male, one female, one child) that differ sharply from the rest. .As 

 compared with the rest of the series, these crania have a straight 

 forehead, a greater head height, a greater facial angle, and a lower 

 face. 



The extremely homogeneous male series of the main group, con- 

 sisting of the 32 typical crania, has been described. These crania are 

 medium in size, length (181.0), and brcadtli (14^57). The hcacj 

 height is exceptionally small, 127.05 (range 116-139). 



A characteristic feature is the slanting forehead (66.2°) with a 

 medium-developed browridge (152) and a well-developed glabella. 

 The form of the head is suhbrachycranial, while the pentagonal out- 

 line predominates. The bizygomatic breadth is 143.44 (range 137- 



*'' Montandon. Georges, Craniologie paI^osiWricnn«. L' .Anthropologic, 192^1. 



