NO. 13 SOVIET ANTHROPOLOGY — FIELD 237 



once more poses the problem of the connection of the Eskimo with 

 tlie doUchocephaHc populations of the Upper i'aleolithic period. Preser- 

 vation of the I'aleolithic tradition in Eskimo art permits the formula- 

 tion of a hypothesis according,' to which the ancestors of the Eskimo 

 were in the van of the northward movement of South Siberian popu- 

 lations, beginning at the end of the Paleolithic and the beginning of 

 the Neolithic period. 



OBSERVATIONS ON THE TIBIA 



Zenkevich,"" of the Section on Human Morphology and Genetics 

 at the Anthropological Institute of the State University of Moscow, 

 studied 56 tibiae belonging to middle-aged males who died from acci- 

 dents. Zenkevich established the absence of any correlation between 

 tlie form of the bone and its chemical composition. At the same time 

 the correlation between massiveness, i.e., the ratio of the circumfer- 

 ence measured in the middle of the shaft to the length of the bone, 

 and chemical composition was significant. The more massive bones 

 contained a lesser quantity of inorganic components (especially 

 calcium) and more water and organic components (especially fat) 

 than the smaller bones. The more massive bones were somewhat 

 flatter in cross section. 



HEAD FORM AND GROWTH IN UTERO 



Madame Shilova,"* of the Second Medical Institute in Leningrad, 

 studied '/2-^ human embryos and fetuses. She recorded a constant 

 rise in cephalic index during the whole uterine life, there being a slight 

 fall only after parturition. In 339 of 725 cases (56.2 percent) the 

 child was brachyceijhalic (C.I. 80.0-84.9) at birth. 



Shilova concludes that during uterine life the cranium passes from 

 dolichocephalic to brachycephalic, that is, it undergoes the same 

 changes as have the heads of the human race in general during the 

 last millennium. 



She points out the following details of this change: During the 



•■•" Zciikcvich, R. I., K voprosu o faktorakh formoobrazovaniia dlinykh kostci 

 chelovechcskogo skclcta, I. Variatsii forniy scchcniia bolshoi bcrtsovoi kosti v 

 sviazi s udclnym vcsom i khimicheskim sostavom kosti [On the factors of 

 formation of long l»ncs in the human skeleton. I. The variations of the form 

 of cross section of the tihia and its specific gravity and chemical composition). 

 AZH, No. I, pp. 26-46, 1937. 



®^ Shilova, A. V., Matcrialy o formic golovy i rostc v utrobnoi zhizni 

 [Materials on the form of the head and growth during uterine life]. AZH, 

 No. I, pp. 3--J5. 1937- 



