242 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. IIO 



S.S.R.), had been studied by an expedition under the leadership of 

 lArkho,"* who also collected blood samples. 



From his own data and those of the other investigators, Ginzburg 

 draws the following conclusions : 



Group A is predominant over group B in all districts, the general 

 formula being A>0>B. The ratios of blood groups among Turko- 

 mans of different tribes and different geographic areas are relatively 

 similar. Group B increases slightly toward the east. Group A toward 

 the west. In spite of great tribal and clan isolation and unceasing in- 

 tertribal feuds supported by the chiefs, contact exists between various 

 groups. The wide expanse of territory does not, apparently, present 

 any obstacle to intercourse among separate tribes ; wives are purchased 

 from other districts, strangers are received into the clans, and slaves 

 are captured during raids. 



It is not possible to determine race from a study of blood groups, 

 as the direction of variability does not always coincide with that of 

 physical type. This study is of value, however, for ascertaining the 

 degree of isolation of given tribes or populations of given territories. 



THE TARDENOISIAN SKELETON FROM FATMA-KOBA, CRIMEA ^s 



In 1927 S. N. Bibikov and S. A. Trusov conducted a preliminary 

 sounding in the Fatma-Koba rock shelter in Baidar Valley, 3 kilo- 

 meters northwest of Urkusta, between Sevastopol and Yalta. 



There, in a specially dug pit, they discovered the Tardenoisian 

 skeleton, which G. A. Bonch-Osmolovskii ^® excavated during the 

 same year and reported in a preliminary account of the excavations. 

 The burial was removed in a block to Leningrad, where it is on 

 exhibit ^^ in the Geological Museum of the Academy of Sciences. 

 The skull, which had been shattered, was reassembled, and the other- 



''* lArkho, A. I., Turkmeny Khorezma i Severnogo Kavkaza [The Turkomans 

 of Khoresm [Khwarazm] and of North Caucasus]. AZH, Nos. 1-2, 1933. 



^5 This section is translated and summarized from the article by G. F. Debets, 

 Tardenuazskii kostiak iz navesa Fatma-Koba v Krymu [Tardenoisian skeleton 

 from Fatma-Koba rock shelter, Crimea]. AZH, No. 2, pp. 144-165, 1936. 



■^8 Bonch-Osmolovskii, G. A., Itogi izucheniia krymskogo paleolita [Results 

 of the excavations of the Crimean Paleolithic period]. Trudy, First INQUA 

 Conference, Fasc. S, 1934. 



^^ I saw this skeleton on October 17, 1934. My scanty notes do not differ 

 from Debet's observations. The artifacts appeared to belong unquestionably to 

 the transitional period. A monograph has been written on the Fatma-Koba 

 skeleton, which I examined in Leningrad on July 2, 1946. Mrs. David Huxley 

 has translated the French summary of the detailed study of the hands of this 

 skeleton by Bonch-Osmolovskii. (H. F.) 



