PARULA. 169 



The following synopsis may aid in determining the species of 

 Parula: — 



A. Color above plumbeous blue, with a triangular interscapular 



patch of olive ; beneath yellow anteriorly. Lateral tail 

 feathers with a square patch of white on inner webs. 



Yellow reaching only to breast. Feathers of jugulum 



clouded with dark brownish. Eyelids only white. 



White patches on three lateral tail feathers. Two white 



bands on wings americana. 



Yellow extending over the belly. Jugulum only slightly 



varied with ochraceous. No white on side of head. 



white patches on two lateral tail feathers. Two white 



bands on wings. Forehead and lores black . . . pitijayumi. 

 Similar to last, but without white on the wings. Jugulum 



not ochraceous inornata, 



B. Above ashy. No white on wings and tail, except on inner 



margins of lateral tail feathers. Beneath yellow or red 

 anteriorly. 



From chin to breast yellow, with a well defined brown 

 crescent on throat. Whole back olivaceous. A stripe 

 over eye, and eyelids white superciliosa. 



From chin to jugulum plain orange-red. A crescentic 

 saddle of black on the back. No white on side of head. 

 Lores black (jutturalis. 



Panila americana. 



Parus americanus, Linn. S. N. 10th ed. I, 1758, 190.— Motacilla am. 



Gmelin. — Sylvia am. Lath., Aud. — Syhicola am. Rich., Aud. 



Jones, Nat. in Bermuda, 1839, 59. — Parula am. Bon. List Birds N. A, 

 1838.— GossE, Birds Jam. 1847, 154 (Jamaica).— Baird, Birds N. 

 Am. 1858, 238.— ScLATER, P. Z. S. 1857, 202 (Xalapa).— Ib. Ibis, 

 1859, 10 (Guatemala).— Ib. Catal. 1861, 26, 163.— Newton, Ibjs, 

 1859, 143 (Santa Cruz; winter). — Cassin, Pr. A. N. S. 1860, 376 

 (St. Thomas). — Gundlach, Cub. Jour. 1861, 326 (Cuba; very com- 

 mon i. — Compsothlypis am. Cab. Mus. Heiu. 1850,20. — Ib. Jour. Ill 

 1855, 476 (CuSa). 



Ficedula ludoviciana, Brisson. — Motacilla hid. Gm. — Motacilla eqnes 



BoDD. — Sylvia torquata, Vieill. — Thryothorus torq. Stephens. • 



Sylvia pusilla, WiLS. — Sylvicola pus. Swains. 



Figures : Add. Orn, Biog. I, pi. xv.— Ib. B. A. II, pi. 91.— Vieill. Ois. 

 Am. II, pi. 99. — WiLS. Am. Orn. IV, pi. xxviii.— Buffon, pi. enl. 

 731, fig. 1 ; 709, fig. 1. 



Hab. Eastern province of United States, north to the Lakes, west to the 

 Missouri Valley ; in winter south to Guatemala (not seen on the west coast 

 of Mexico). West Indies ; Bahamas ; Cuba ; Jamaica ; St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 



