VIREO. 



351 



Vireo noveboracensis. (Pennsylvania.) 



The species of Vireo are most easily tabulated by color, and in 

 the following synopsis no regard is paid to external form, but species 

 of Vireo and Vireonella are mixed together. It will, however, be 

 remembered (page 326) that V. noveboracensis, atricapiUus, car- 

 mioli, huttoni, belli, vicinior, and pusillus fall under the head of Vireo 

 proper, with their longer, more pointed wings, and (except in vicinior) 

 smaller outer primary — belli, vicinior, and pusillus diSoving, however, 

 from the others in longer tarsi, and longer and more graduated tail, 

 with narrower, more pointed feathers. Under Vireonella are to be 

 ranged V. modestus, latimeri, pallens, ochraceus, crassirostris, gund- 

 lachi, and hypochryseus, each of which has a peculiar form. V. 

 modestus in its very small bill approaches closely to hidtoni, most of 

 the other species having rather larger bills than the average. 



Common Characters. — All the species olivaceous above, or ashy ; beneath 

 whitish, or olivaceous-yellow. Wiugs with light bands, except in latimeri 

 and hypochryseus ; tail without spots. A light stripe from bill to above eye, 

 but not beyond it, except in carmioli and hypochryseus. In atricapiUus, the 

 top of the head is black. 



A. Top and sides of head black. Chin and throat white. 



Back olive. 

 A white line from the bill to and around eye. 



Beneath white ; sides olivaceous ; bill black . . atricapiUus. 



B. Head above olivaceous or ashy. Chin and throat white ; 



rest of under parts white or yellowish. 

 A yellow line from bill to and around eye. 



Kest of under parts white ; the sides yellowish ; 

 crissum paler. 



Bill blackish ; two greenish-white bands on the 



wings ; cap bright olive like the back . noveboracensis. 

 A whitish line from bill to and around eye. 



Beneath white, except sides and crissum, which are 

 pale yellow. Head above ashy ; back olive. 

 Wings pointed ; 1st quill two-fifths the 2d, 

 which equals the 8th. Bill .30 from nos- 



