WHOLE VOL. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJECTS — SNYDER 



71 



mounds often pH 8 or higher in lower 

 parts. Ca content fine earth mounds 

 higher — concretions made up 33% or 

 41% from base old mounds, containing 

 35% and 18% of CaCOo, although there 

 are no known deposits of CaCOg avail- 

 able to the termites. Possibly the termites 

 concentrate the CaCO., from the plant 

 materials and this indicates use of the 

 mound for long periods of time. Mounds 

 average i per acre, allow for growing of 

 vegetation which does not do well in 

 arid, poorly drained surrounding soil. 

 Judicious admixtures of mound soil en- 

 rich land, but unless widely mixed, in- 

 fertile areas, often "gravelly," are left due 

 to presence of calcareous concretions.) 

 1942, pp. 340-344. (Soils of termite mounds 

 in Thailand have higher fertility; higher 

 pH, plant nutrient content, more satis- 

 factory moisture relationships, CaCOa 

 concentrations near base mounds, even 

 though built from acid soils; mounds 2 to 

 3 m. high, 5 to 7 m. in diameter.) 



Prescott, U. a., and Pendleton, R. L., 1952, 

 pp. 23, 41-48. (Laterite and laterite soils.) 



Ratcliffe, F. N., Gay, F. J., and Greaves, T., 



1952, pp. 45-47. (Australia, denude 

 grassland, reduce productivity pastures, 

 mounds menace on aerodromes.) 



Sen, a., 1944, pp. 280-281. (India, soil of 

 termites feeding on paper, wood, and 

 cow dung particularly rich in plant-food 

 nutrients.) 



Shrikhande, J. G., and Pathak, A. N., 1948, 

 pp. 327-328. (Relation to soil fertility.) 



Snyder, T. E., 1915, p. 85. (Relation termites 

 to origin of hog wallows and prairie 

 mounds, references.) 

 1948, pp. 77-78. (Lead to soil erosion in 

 African veldt, fertility in Thailand.) 



Spellig, F., 1924, pp. 352-354. (German East 

 Africa, fertility soil increased.) 



Steel, D., 1913, pp. 429-433. (Geologic work 

 in Belgian Congo.) 



Thomas, A. S., 1943, pp. 149-177. (Uganda, 

 termites have important soil-building 

 functions.) 



Thorp, J., 1949, pp. 185-186. (Effects of cer- 

 tain animals that live in soils, concentra- 

 tion calcium in mounds in Tropics by 

 termites.) 



WiJsT, J., 1932, p. 49. (Africa, turning up 

 large amounts soil.) 



HEAT, See TEMPERATURE 

 HUMIDITY 



Emerson, A. E., 1938, pp. 268, 281. (Termite 

 nest functions primarily to maintain a 

 constant high humidity.) 



Emerson, A. E., in Allee et al., 1949, p. 672. 

 (Termite nest functions primarily to 

 maintain a constant high humidity.) 



Fyfe, R. v., and Gay, F. J., 1938, pp. 1-22. 

 (Humidity of atmosphere and moisture 

 conditions within mounds Eutermes ex- 

 itiosus, Australia, humidity usually 95% 

 in inner mound. Structure mound re- 

 tains moisture produced by metabolism 

 termites, and temperature maintained by 

 termites and mound material prevents 

 deposition of free water in central re- 

 gions.) 



Geigy, R., and Ernst, E., 1951, pp. 414-420. 

 (Gradual increase in length life individ- 

 uals Kalotermes flavicoUis raised under 

 increasing humidity. R. lucifugus and Na- 

 sutitermes arborum? individuals showed 

 significant increase in length life only 

 at 70% R.H. or higher. Nasutitermes 

 worker showed greater resistance when 

 with soldiers than when isolated. K. 



flavicollis showed greatest resistance to 

 drying. Results correlated with humidity 

 normal habitats.) 



Grasse, p. p., and Noirot, C., 1948b, pp. 869- 

 871. (Climate of the termitarium and 

 the transportation of water; 70 to 98% 

 relative humidity in nest.) 



McKeown, K. C, 1944, rev. ed., p. 67. (Aus- 

 tralia, humidity 93 to 95% in nest.) 



Snyder, T. E., 1948, pp. 8, 54, 56, 76, 81, 85, 

 88, 106, 119, 153, 155, 160. (Need hu- 

 midity in wood, earth, shelter tubes; hu- 

 midity Nasutitermes in Australia at least 

 92% maintained because of a relatively 

 impervious surface layer. Amount of 

 moisture in wood directly under earth- 

 like shelter tubes ReticuUtermes in east- 

 ern U.S. 25%, which corresponds ap- 

 proximately to the humidity in mounds. 

 Shelter tubes constructed when tempera- 

 ture ranges from 80° to 90° F. and rela- 

 tive humidity ranges from 70% upward; 

 few tubes constructed at humidities below 

 50%.) 



