REVIEW OF RAFINESQUE ON AMERICAN FISHES. 29 



*40t^h species, Gold Head Shiner, LUXILUS CHRYSOCEPHALUS. Luxile 

 chrysocephale. (p. 48.) 



t LuXILUS COENUTUS (Mitch.) Jor. 

 Cjprinus cornutus Mitchill. 

 Hijjysilepis cornutus (Mitch.) Storer and authors. 

 Plargi/rus typicus, cornutus, frontalis, etc., Girard. 



Description ftur, excepting that the pectorals scarcely reach the ven- 

 trals, and older specimens are less elongated. The cornutus is very 

 abundant throughout the Ohio Valley, where it is everywhere known as 

 the Shiner, a name rarely applied to any other fish. Rafinesque's 

 description is very correct as regards its average appearance in the 

 West when not tuberculate or flushed with red. His account has, how- 

 ever, been carelessly referred to Cyprinus chrysoleucus of Mitchill, solely 

 on account of the similarity of the names, although Rafinesque correctly 

 indicates the chief points of dillerence. As chrysocephalus is evidently 

 intended as the type of Luxilus, the latter is synonymous with Bypsilepis, 

 and we have no alternative but to restore the older name in place of the 

 latter and more scientific appellation. 



t41st species, Kentuckian Shiner, LUXILUS KENTUCKIENSIS, Luxile 

 du Kentucky, (p. 48.) 



? % Luxilus cornutus (Mit.) Jor. 



Kot Luxilus lentuckiensis Kirtland. 

 This species is not yet satisfactorily identified. It is certainly not 



* Diameter one-fifth of total length, silvery with golden shades oa the sides, head gilt, 

 haclc and nape dark olivaceous; lateral line curved downwards, pectoral fios reachiug the 

 abdomiual. Dorsal and anal fins with nine rays. 



Vulgar names, Gold Chub, Shiner, Goldhead, &c. Length 6 inches. It is found in 

 Kentucky, Ohio, Cumberland, Green River, &c. Iris golden. Fins fulvous, the pectoral 

 golden, large, with 14 rays; tail with 24. It resembles the common Shiner or Butterfish of 

 Pennsylvania, Cyprinus chrysoleucos Mitchill, but that fish is a Eutilus,\i'Ay\ng nine 

 abdominal rays; its body is besides shorter and the anal fin is falcated with lorays. 



tAdditioualevidenceof the correctness of this identification is found in a MSS. paper 

 on the Fishes of Pennsylvania, by Rafinesque, now in the possession of Professor Baird. 

 In this paper the species in question is described under the name oi Luxilus cornutus 

 (Mit.) Raf. 



I Diameter one-seventh of total length, silvery, back olivaceous, lateral line curved 

 downwards, dorsal and caudal fins red, the pectoral yellow, not reaching the abdomen. 

 Dorsal 8 and anal 7 rays. 



Vulgar names: Indian Chub, Red-tail, Shiner, &c. Length about 4 inches. It is 

 reckoned an excellent bait for anglers, because it will swim a long while with the hook 

 in its body. Eyessmall, iris brown with agold ring. Yellowish- brown above the head. 

 Abdominal and anal fins white. Pectoral and abdominal fins oboval, with 1-2 rays. 

 Tail with 24 rays. 



