4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I4I 



synonyms), i mite, i wasp, and i beetle. In addition, they mentioned 

 as other foes of the cockroach : monkeys, hedgehogs, polecats, cats, 

 rats, birds, chameleons, and frogs. 



METHODS 



We have listed the organisms known to be associated with cock- 

 roaches systematically by phylum, class, order, and family. Within 

 each family the organisms are listed alphabetically by genus and 

 species. Under each organism the associated cockroaches are listed 

 as natural or experimental hosts, vectors, or prey. Identified cock- 

 roaches are listed by the currently accepted name. Unidentified cock- 

 roaches are indicated by the word "Cockroaches." The name of each 

 cockroach is followed by the country in which the observation was 

 made, the authority for the record, and with a few exceptions ^ 

 pertinent biological information, where this is known. Question marks 

 following the names of organisms or countries indicate tentative or 

 questionable identifications. 



Records of predators capturing and feeding on cockroaches in zoos 

 and on shipboard we consider natural, even though it is very likely that 

 these particular predators would not normally have access to this prey 

 in nature. 



Experimental prey are cockroaches that were fed to predators in 

 the laboratory. Although these predators may have little, if any, 

 access to these cockroaches in nature, we have included such records 

 to indicate the relative acceptability of cockroaches as food by a wide 

 variety of animals. 



Records of presumed or known cockroach associates that give no 

 information about an associated cockroach are not included in this 

 review, even though certain of these (e.g., species of Ampulex, 

 Evania, Podium) probably prey upon or parasitize cockroaches 

 exclusively. 



The validity of a host-parasite or predator-prey record is dependent 

 upon the accuracy and knoMdedge of the observer. In assembling these 

 records we have had to accept, in most instances, the identifications 

 of species made by the original authors. However, as a result of our 

 studies on the biology of various species of cockroaches, including 



3 Names of organisms preceded by an asterisk ('^) are known or suspected 

 pathogens of vertebrates. These records were presented with annotations in our 

 1957a paper on the medical and veterinary importance of cockroaches. For that 

 reason the annotations have not been repeated herein, although the records have 

 been included to make the listing of the biotic associates of cockroaches sub- 

 stantially complete. 



