BIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS OF COCKROACHES — ROTH & WILLIS 21 



found quite commonly in a number of South Wales coal mines; in 

 one deep mine a white-eyed mutant form comprised about 5 percent 

 of the cockroach population for the preceding 11 years (Jefferson, 



1958). 



India, western Bengal. — Very numerous in coal mines where the 

 sole food apparently was human feces (Chandler, 1926). 



South Africa. — Numerous in four deep-level gold mines on the 

 Witwatersrand. 



Sumatra. — Numerous males and females from Sawah Lunto 

 " 'from a coal mine where they lived in great numbers on the faeces 

 of miners' " (Hanitsch, 1929). 



Periplaneta australasiae 



Saraivak. — Found swarming on walls of caves and in soft bird 

 guano in company with Symploce cavernicola (Moulton, 1912). 

 Tonkin. — Chopard (1929a); Colani (1952). 



Periplaneta cavernicola 



Malaya. — Taken on walls of inner caverns, where they were par- 

 ticularly abundant (Chopard, 1919). 



Periplaneta lata 



Tonkin. — Chopard suggested that its presence in caves is probably 

 linked with man (Chopard, 1929a; Colani, 1952). 



Periplaneta sp. 

 Malaya. — From a cave in Jalor (Annandale et al., 1913). 



Perisphaerus sp. 



Malaya. — The wingless females and nymphs mined in bats' guano 

 in a cavern of the Jalor caves (Annandale, 1900). 



Polyphaga aegyptiaca 



Turkmen S.S.R. — Females found in front part of Bakharden bat 

 cave on several occasions (Vlasov, 1929). 



Turkey. — At Magharadjik and Arab Dede, found in caves with 

 various other animals (Lindberg, 1954). 



Polyphaga sp. 



Burma. — Hsin Dawng Cave, S. Shan States, i immature male 

 under stone in complete darkness (Chopard, 1924b). 



