BIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS OF COCKROACHES — ROTH & WILLIS 23 



Tivia macracantha 

 Belgian Congo. — A troglophile without well-marked adaptive char- 

 acters (Chopard, 1950a). At Haut-Katanga, troglophile and guano- 

 phile (Leleup, 1956). 



Tivia sp. 



Madagascar. — Last-stage nymphs captured in guano in Antsinomy 

 grotto (Chopard, 1949a). 



Typhloblatta caeca 

 India, Assam. — An eyeless species with noticeably elongated ap- 

 pendages (Chopard, 1945). 



Typhloblattodes madecassus 

 Madagascar. — Unpigmented integument and reduced eyes (Cho- 

 pard, 1945). 



Xestoblatta immaculata 

 Panama. — Found under rocks on guano-covered floor of the Chili- 

 brillo bat caves (Caudell, 1924). 



Unidentified cockroaches 



Malaya. — The walls of a cave were covered by dense groups of a 

 species of "Blatta" (Annandale, 1900). 



England. — "The chief insect pests of the mines are cockroaches, 

 which often swarm in hot mines and those with pit pony stables . . ." 

 (Hardy, 1941). 



COCKROACHES FROM THE BURROWS OF VERTEBRATES 



Arenivaga apacha 

 Arizona. — In the nests of wood rats, Ncotoma sp. (Hebard, 1917). 



Arenivaga boUiana 

 Texas. — In the nests of wood rats, Ncotoma sp, (Hebard, 1917; 

 1943a). 



Arenivaga erratica 



Arizona. — The wingless females were commonly found in burrows 

 of Dipodomys spectabilis spectabilis Merriam, the kangaroo rat. The 

 winged males were never found in the burrows (Vorhies and Taylor, 

 1922). Found most commonly in wood-rat and ground-squirrel dens 

 in the desert regions (Ball et al., 1942). 



