74 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I4I 



they were warm and sheltered. They were also found behind mirrors 

 above produce racks, in electrical switch boxes and conduits, and in 

 telephone boxes, as well as generally in cracks and behind loose 

 moldings or loose wall boards. Enclosed boxlike tables were fre- 

 quently heavily infested. 



In restaurants cockroaches may be found in the following places: 

 Crevices in wood, plaster, concrete, and metal ; in the bar ; in the 

 kitchen and in the associated equipment ; in cupboards, lavatories, 

 and garbage storage areas; and on the undersides of chairs and 

 tables (Mallis, 1954). 



In drug stores Frings (1948) found cockroaches behind the mirror 

 and between the sink and the cooler. Thousands were found in hollow 

 ornamental shelf edging. The hollow bases of malted-milk dispensers 

 and drink mixers were cockroach havens. 



In a hospital Frings (1948) found cockroaches in decorative trim 

 around doorways, by the thousands in wicker laundry baskets, and 

 in incubators for premature babies. In military hospitals we have 

 seen cockroaches {Blattella germanica) in kitchens and dining halls 

 in the usual hiding places mentioned above and on the undersides of 

 stainless-steel serving tables. 



In department stores cockroaches have been found in food depart- 

 ments, beauty salons, rest rooms, dressing rooms, linen departments, 

 and stationery departments (Anonymous, 1952). The infestation in 

 the linen department was traced to clean towels which, when returned 

 from the laundry, contained at least 500 cockroaches per bundle. The 

 insects were carried into the rest rooms and beauty salon when the 

 towels were distributed. 



The microhabitats of cockroaches in privies and sewers have not 

 been studied. These habitats are particularly important in view of 

 the demonstrated migrations of cockroaches from sewers into dwell- 

 ings and the possible dissemination of pathogenic microorganisms 

 from feces to food. The reader is referred to our 1957(a) paper for 

 a summary of the known information on cockroach dispersal from 

 sewers. 



COCKROACHES ASSOCIATED WITH LAND-BASED STRUCTURES 



Most of the cockroaches listed below are either known domiciliary 

 species or they have been found one or more times in houses or other 

 man-made structures. The known structural pests breed within the 

 building. Certain other species, which have been observed only infre- 

 quently in structures and are not known to breed there, may possibly 



