BIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS OF COCKROACHES — ROTH & WILLIS IO3 



transferred to the termite Zootermopsis where they survive only until 

 the host molts ; the reverse is also true, Zootermopsis Protozoa can 

 survive in Cryptocercus until the cockroach molts (Nutting and 

 Cleveland, 1954a). 



VI. VIRUSES ASSOCIATED WITH COCKROACHES 



Annotations on some of the following observations may be found 

 in Roth and Willis (1957a). Use of asterisk is explained in foot- 

 note 3, page 4. 



POLIOMYELITIS VIRUSES 

 ♦Lansing strain 

 Experimental vectors. — Blattella germanica, U.S.A. (Hurlbutt, 

 1949, 1950). 

 Periplaneta americana, U.S.A. (Hsiang et al., 1952). 



♦Brunhilde type, Minnesota and Mahoney strains 

 Experimental vectors. — Periplaneta americana, U.S.A. (Fischer 

 and Syverton, 1951 ; Syverton et al., 1952). 



♦Columbia SK virus 

 Experimental vectors. — Periplaneta americana, Great Britain? 

 (Findlay and Howard, 1951) : Results with Blattella germanica were 

 negative. 



♦Four unspecified strains 

 Natural vectors. — Blattella germanica and/or Blattella vaga, Peri- 

 planeta americana and/or Periplaneta brunnea, and Supella supel- 

 lectilium, U.S.A. (Syverton et al., 1952; Dow, 1955; Dow in Roth 

 and Willis, 1957a). 



OTHER VIRUSES 

 * Coxsackie viruses 

 Experimental vectors. — Periplaneta americana, U.S.A. (Fischer 

 and Syverton, 1951a, 1957) : Recently Fischer and Syverton (1957) 

 found that after feeding a single meal of Coxsackie virus to Peri- 

 planeta americana, the gastrointestinal tracts of the insects, which 

 were removed at 5-day intervals up to 20 days, contained sufficient 

 virus to paralyze and kill test mice. Cockroach salivary glands, re- 

 moved 5 days after the insects had fed, contained the virus which 

 caused paralysis and death in test mice ; mice were also infected by 

 virus obtained from salivary glands removed from the insects 10 and 



