BIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS OF COCKROACHES — ROTH & WILLIS 121 



t Bacillus flacheriae (Hoffman) 



Source. — Diseased nun moth larvae. 



Experimental infection. — Blatta orientalis, Europe (Filatoff, 

 1904) : The organism was not pathogenic when fed to the cockroach, 

 but killed the insects when injected into the body cavity; after the 

 insects died Filatoff reisolated this pathogen together with another 

 bacillus from the cadavers. He succeeded in culturing the new micro- 

 organism and found it to be pathogenic when injected into, but not 

 when fed to, the cockroaches. The diseased insects became sluggish, 

 failed to eat or drink, turned over on their backs, their extremities 

 became totally paralyzed, and they finally died. 



Bacillus megaterium De Bary 



Habitat. — Soil, water, decomposing materials. 



Natural vectors. — Periplaneta americanaf {"Blatella americana"), 

 England (Shrewsbury and Barson, 1948) : From intestinal tract. 



Experimental vectors. — Blatta orientalis, Italy (Cao, 1898) : Or- 

 ganism recovered, apparently unchanged, from intestinal contents. 



t Bacillus monachae (von Tubeuf) Eckstein 



Synonymy. — Bacterium monache. 



Source. — Diseased larvae of nun moth, Lymantria monacha. 

 Experimental infection. — Blatta orientalis, Europe (Filatoff, 1904) : 

 Organism pathogenic to the cockroach when injected but not when fed. 



t Bacillus periplanetae Tichomiroff 



Habitat. — Blatta orientalis, U.S.S.R. ? (Tichomiroff, i87o[?], in 

 Filatoff, 1904) : The infected insects suffered from a diarrhea and 

 the liquid feces were yellow-brown. 



t Bacillus stellatus Hollande 



Natural infection. — Blatta orientalis, France (Hollande, 1934) : 

 Organism observed regularly in the intestine (especially rectum). 

 Extensive description given. 



t Bacillus radiciformis 



Experimental vectors. — Blatta orientalis, Italy (Cao 1898) : Or- 

 ganism recovered, apparently unchanged, from intestinal contents. 



♦Bacillus subtilis Cohn emend. Prazmowski 



Natural vectors. — Blaberus craniifer, U.S.A. (Wedberg et al., 

 1949). 



