BIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS OF COCKROACHES — ROTH & WILLIS I39 

 INCERTAE SEDIS 



According to Dr. R. K. Benjamin (personal communication, 1957) 

 and Dr. E. G. Simmons (personal communication, 1957), the phylo- 

 genetic position of the following genus is uncertain. 



Amphoromorpha blattina Thaxter 



Natural hosts. — Cockroaches, Grenada, B.W.I. (Thaxter, 1920) : 

 On the axis of the antennae of a dark wingless and a pale winged 

 blattid. 



Amphoromorpha sp. 



Natural host. — Cockroach, Grenada, B.W.I. (Thaxter, 1920) : On 

 antennal setae. 



IX. HIGHER PLANTS 



The significance of many observed associations between cockroaches 

 and the higher plants is still obscure. Undoubtedly many associations 

 are ecological, but lack of adequate supporting evidence makes this 

 conclusion somewhat tentative. The ecological aspects are covered 

 in Section III (p. 14). Other associations may be accidental (e.g., 

 certain unique observations that have never again been confirmed). 

 In the absence of contrary evidence, most associations are presumed 

 to be benign ; exceptions to this conclusion are found among the cock- 

 roaches that feed on living plants (p. 162) and those allegedly cap- 

 tured as prey by the carnivorous pitcher plants {Sarracenia and 

 Nepenthes). In all the records cited below the cockroaches were 

 stated to have been on, in, or feeding on the plant. 



The plants are listed below by family according to the taxonomic 

 arrangement of Lawrence (1951). Botanical nomenclature follows 

 Bailey (1925), Fernald (1950), or Dr. R. A. Howard (personal com- 

 munications, 1958, 1959). We take full responsibility for referring 

 to appropriate taxa certain plants that were reported by common name 

 only in the cited literature. 



Division PTERIDOPHYTA 



Family CYATHEACEAE 



Alsophila sp. 



Associate. — Pycnoscelus surinamensis, Louisiana (Anonymous, 

 1893) : Feeding on heart of tree fern. 



