l88 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I4I 



Family SPIROSTOMIDAE 



Nyctotherus buissoni Pinto 



Natural host. — "Barata sylvestre," Brazil (Pinto, 1926) : Organ- 

 ism found in the cockroach's intestine. 



Nyctotherus ovalis Leidy 



Synonymy. — Bursaria hlattarum; Plagiotoma hlattarum. 



Natural hosts. — Blatta orientalis, U.S.A. (Leidy, 1850, 1853, 1853b, 

 1879a; Kudo, 1922, 1926, 1936; McAdow, 1931 ; Kudo and Meg- 

 litsch, 1938; Meghtsch, 1940); Germany (Stein, i860; Schubotz, 

 1905; Chen, 1933); England (Lankester, 1865; Schuster, 1898; 

 Lucas, 1927a, 1928) ; Spain (Zulueta, 1916) ; U.S.S.R. (Yakimov 

 and Miller, 1922 ; Zasukhin, 1928, 1930 ; Ostroumov, 1929) ; Portu- 

 gal (Lima Ribiero, 1924) ; Brazil (Pinto, 1926) ; Venezuela (Te- 

 jera, 1926). 



Blattella germanica. South Africa (Porter, 1930) ; U.S.A. (Balch, 

 1932; McAdow, 1931). 



Parcohlatta pensyhanica, U.S.A. (Semans, 1939, 1941). 



Periplaneta americana, India (Bhatiaand Gulati, 1927) ; Indochina 

 (Weill, 1929) ; Philippine Islands (Hegner and Chu, 1930) ; South 

 Africa (Porter, 1930); U.S.A. (McAdow, 193 1 ; Hatcher, 1939; 

 Meglitsch, 1940; Armer, 1944)) ; Goa (Mello et al., 1934) ; China 

 (Pai and Wang, 1947); Czechoslovakia (Lom, 1956). 



"Barata sylvestre," Brazil (Pinto, 1926). 



"Kiichenschaben," Austria (Belar, 1916). 



Nyctotherus ovalis (fig. 2, G) inhabits the hind gut of cockroaches, 

 where it occurs almost always in the anterior half of the colon in 

 association with other species of Protozoa (Kudo, 1936). Ninety 

 percent of 500 B. orientalis contained N. ovalis (Kudo and Meglitsch, 

 1938). Yakimov and Miller (1922) found N. ovalis in 68 percent of 

 124 B. orientalis. Zasukhin (1930) found this organism in 63 percent 

 of over 3,000 B. orientalis. Zasukhin (1928, 1934) found a fungus 

 and possibly a bacterium hyperparasitic in the cytoplasm of N. ovalis. 

 N. ovalis has been cultured outside the cockroach in several media 

 (Lucas, 1928; Balch, 1932; Chen, 1933; Lom, 1956). 



Nyctotherus uichancoi Kidder 



Natural hosts. — Panesthia angustipennis, Philippine Islands, and 

 Panesthia spadica, Japan (Kidder, 1937) : About 90 percent of all P. 

 angustipennis harbored this ciliate in their hindguts. 



