BIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS OF COCKROACHES — ROTH & WILLIS I93 



chresima Steiner but apparently is a new species. Nauphoeta cinerea 

 was very susceptible to infection ; B. germanica and P. americana 

 were less susceptible. 



Order OXYUROIDEA 

 Family THELASTOMATIDAE 

 These nematodes are found in the intestinal tract of cockroaches. 



Aorurus philippinensis Chitwood and Chitwood, 1934 



Natural host. — Panesthia angustipennis, Philippine Islands (Chit- 

 wood and Chitwood, 1934). 



Binema mirzaia (Basir, 1940) Basir, 1956 



Synonymy. — Periplaneticola mirzaia Basir, 1940. 

 Natural host. — Periplaneta americana, India, Aligarh (Basir, 

 1940). 



Blattelicola blattelicola Basir, 1940 



Natural host. — Blattella germanica, India, Aligarh (Basir, 1940). 



Blatticola Wattae (Graeffe, i860) Chitwood, 1932 



Synonymy. — Oxyuris hlattae Graeffe, i860 ; Oxyuris blatticola 

 Caleb, 1878; Blatticola blatticola (Caleb, 1877) Schwenck, 1926 

 [Chitwood, 1930, 1932]. 



Natural hosts. — Blattella germanica, Brazil (Pessoa and Correa, 

 1926; Schwenck, 1926); U.S.A. (Chitwood, 1930; Bozeman, 

 1942); Egypt? (Caleb, 1877, 1878); U.S.S.R. (Sobolev, 1937; 

 Sondak, 1935) ; Czechoslovakia (Groschaft, 1956). 



Ectobius lapponicus, Ectobius pallidus, Egypt? (Caleb, 1877, 

 1878). 



Polyphaga aegyptiaca, France (Craeffe, i860). 



The life cycle has been studied by Bozeman (1942) : He found 

 never more than four worms in the large intestine of each cockroach. 

 Embryos developed to "resting" stage in vitro. The resting stage was 

 infective while the active stage was not. The worms seemed to have 

 no effect on the vital activities of the host. Alicata (1934b) found that 

 the embryo undergoes a molt before hatching. 



Chitwood (1930) found 75 percent of the German cockroaches 

 examined from houses in Washington infected. As a rule, one adult 

 female, one or two males, and possibly two larval females are found 

 in a single individual, apparently only in the rectum. 



