BIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS OF COCKROACHES — ROTH & WILLIS 2I3 



Euscorpius italicus italicus (Herbst) 



Experimental prey. — Cockroaches including nymphs of Pcriplaneta, 

 England? (Cloudsley-Thompson, 1951) : The cockroaches had to be 

 disabled before the scorpion would feed on them. Prey is apparently 

 detected by tactile and auditory senses, sight being poorly developed 

 and not used. The scorpion is found in southern Europe and North 

 Africa. 



Family VEJOVIDAE 



Hadrurus arizonensis Ewing 



Experimental prey. — Periplaneta americana, U.S.A. (Stahnke, 

 1949) : This record is a photograph showing the scorpion eating the 

 cockroach. 



Family ISCHNURIDAE 



Hormurus caudicula (Koch) 



Experimental prey. — Cockroach, Australia (McKeown, 1952) : 

 This record is a photograph showing the scorpion feeding on a cock- 

 roach. 



Family SCORPIONIDAE 

 Heterometrus longimanus (Herbst) 



Synonymy. — Palamnaeus longimanus [Cloudsley-Thompson, per- 

 sonal communication, 1956]. 



Natural prey. — "Large wood cockroach," Philippine Islands 

 (Schultze, 1927) : On several occasions Schultze found fragments of 

 wings and legs of the large wood cockroach in a scorpion cavity, under 

 a rotten log. 



Experimental prey. — Leucophaea maderae, Periplaneta americana, 

 and other species of Blattidae, Philippine Islands (Schultze, 1927) : 

 Blattids seemed to be the favored food. This scorpion is usually 

 found in humid, damp places in forest and jungle. Schultze describes 

 in detail feeding behavior of the scorpion and method of capturing its 

 prey. 



Urodacus novaehoUandiae Peters 



Experimental prey. — Periplaneta americana, Australia (Glauert, 

 1946) : An injured cockroach was accepted at once by the scorpion, 

 which held the insect in its claws and tore it with the alternately 

 moving chelicerae. The scorpion ate all the soft parts and most of the 

 sclerotized exoskeleton. 



