236 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I4I 



necessarily be true for the other hosts which drop the egg case long 

 before the eggs hatch. 



Distribution. — Europe : Sweden, Russia, England, France, Ger- 

 many, Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy (Kiefifer, 1920). 



Evania appendigaster (Linnaeus) 



Synonymy. — Evania dcsjardinsii Bordage, Evania laevigata La- 

 treille [Dalla Torre, 1901-1902]. 



Natural hosts. — Blatta, "exotic species" (Westwood, 1854, 1954a). 



Blatta orientalis, Europe? (Schletterer, 1886; Howard, 1888, 

 Kieffer, 1912) ; Egypt? (Alfieri, 1914; Adair, 1923). [Girault 

 ( 1907, 1914) erroneously attributed another record to Marlatt ( 1902) ; 

 see footnote 6. See also notes under Brachygaster minutus with re- 

 spect to Kadocsa.] 



Blattella germanicaf (Girault 1907, 1914). [This record is obvi- 

 ously an error. Girault attributed the record to Marlatt (1902) ; see 

 footnote 6.] 



Cutilia soror, Hawaii (Swezey, 1929; Zimmerman, 1948). 



Leucophaea maderae (Schletterer, 1889; Bordage, 1896; Kiefifer, 

 1 91 2) : These records are probably erroneous inasmuch as this cock- 

 roach incubates its eggs internally (Roth and Willis, 1954). Later, 

 after finding that L. maderae is ovoviviparous, Bordage (1913) ad- 

 mitted having misidentified a parasitized ootheca from some other 



6 Page II of Marlatt (1902) has been cited erroneously so many times in 

 support of host records for T. hagcnowii and Evania appendigaster that we are 

 quoting the pertinent section below. In the section preceding the quoted material 

 Marlatt discusses the American, Australian, oriental, and German cockroaches. 

 There is nothing in the paper to connect any of these cockroaches specifically 

 with the parasites mentioned below : 



NATURAL ENEMIES AND PARASITES 



"In Europe the egg capsules of the cockroach are often parasitized by an 

 ichneumon fly (Evania appendigaster). This insect has become widely dis- 

 tributed over the world following its host insect, and has been redescribed under 

 a great many dififerent names. It was found in Cuba as early as 1829, and has 

 been several times collected in the United States. Unfortunately, its usefulness 

 as a means of keeping the roach in check by destroying the egg capsules is 

 greatly impaired by the occurrence of another ichneumon fly {Entedon hage- 

 nowi), which is parasitic upon the first. This is also a European species which 

 has been brought over with its host parasite. If the true egg capsule parasite of 

 the roach could have been introduced into this country without this secondary 

 parasite, its usefulness would doubtless have been very much greater. The sec- 

 ondary parasite, however, seems to have been introduced early, and has been 

 found in Cuba and Florida, and probably occurs as widely as its host and pre- 

 vents the latter from multiplying very greatly." 



