14 THE TONER LECTURES. 



niscbe Chirurgie, No. 11, 1869) made a number of experiments 

 and microscopic studies upon the mode of permanent arrest of 

 liemorrhage, by the use of the ligature, acupressure, and acu- 

 torsion. He found that by the employment of each of these 

 means the presence of a clot in the vessel was usually secured; 

 that these clots were sufficient to arrest hemorrhage tempo- 

 rarily from a small vessel ; that in acupressure or in acutor- 

 sion they are gradually formed and increase slowly in size, not 

 usually being sufficiently large by the end of forty-eight hours 

 to check the bleeding from a large vessel. 



Cornil and Ranvier (Manuel d'Histologie Pathologique, 

 1869) have carefully examined the method of healing in an 

 artery after ligature. 



With i-espect to the double ligature of veins^ they think that 

 what Bubnoff claims to have observed is incontestable. But 

 never in a single ligature of arteries and A'eins, where the 

 bottom of the wound had been smeared with vermilion, did 

 they see the latter penetrate through the walls of the vessel. 

 En resume, they declare that the definitive obliteration of 

 arteries after ligature is effected by a neoplasm, the point of 

 departure of which is the arteritis consecutive to the traumatic 

 lesion. As to the clot, it disappears by a series of retrogres- 

 sive alterations similar to those which the blood goes through 

 when it escapes from the vessels into the tissues. 



Durante (Entziindung der Gefiisswande. Med. Jahrbiich., 

 Band III., 1811, and Recherches exp^i'imentales sur I'organisa- 

 tion du caillot dans les A'aisseaux, Arch, de Phj-siologie Nor- 

 male et Pathologique, tome iv., 1872) has conducted a most 

 careful and thorough examination of the still nnscttled ques- 

 tion as to what are the organizing elements active in the pro- 

 cesses inaugurated by the ligature of an artery. 



He admits the formation of a temporary and a permanent 

 clot. The former is of blood, and is not homogeneous ; it 

 gradually disappears. The latter is a colorless clot formed 



I 



